Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Although only 20 percent of the soldiers avowed explicit proslavery purposes in their letters and diaries, none at all dissented from that view.. For example, on August 19, 1862, General Stonewall Jackson approved the court-martial sentence of execution for three soldiers for desertion, rejecting pleas for clemency from the soldiers' regimental commander. African American soldiers who served in the United States Colored Troops were often singled out by the Confederates and suffered extra violence when captured by them. Jackson's goal was to maintain discipline in a volunteer army whose homes were under threat of enemy occupation. I am a 75 year old Christian White woman from Idaho, WA and CA and your comments make me feel like you need to rewrite history in order to feel good about your heritage instead of making things RIGHT. In the action that followed, he and his unit inflicted heavy casualties on the Union attackers. On September 27, the maximum age of conscription was extended to 45. The Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System (CWSS) is a database containing information about the men who served in the Union and Confederate armies during the Civil War. formerly, a volunteer force of soldiers. [107] It would not be until Robert E. Lee wrote the Confederate Congress urging them that the idea would take serious traction. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Your email address will not be published. Can proteins have polar and non polar regions? "[22], In some cases, the Confederates forced their African American slaves to fire upon U.S. soldiers at gunpoint,[91][92] such as at the First Battle of Bull Run. Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. These numbers do not include sailors who served in Confederate States Navy. His body was returned home to Kershaw County, South Carolina, and he was buried in the "Old Quaker Cemetery" in Camden. One estimate of the Confederate wounded, which is considered incomplete, is 194,026; another is 226,000. Slavery was less salient for most Confederate soldiers because it was not controversial. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Armies were usually commanded by full generals (there were seven in the C.S. Find Confederate Soldiers stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. They felt that they had no choice but to help defend their homes. [118] As a response, in May 1863, the Confederacy passed a law demanding "full and ample retaliation" against the United States, stating that any black person captured in "arms against the Confederate States" or giving aid and comfort to their enemies would be turned over to state authorities, where they could be tried as slave insurrectionists; a capital offense punishable with a sentence of death. Sheehan-Dean, Aaron. Since these figures include estimates of the total number of individual soldiers who served in each army at any time during the war, they do not represent the size of the armies at any given date. Confederate soldiers were also faced with inadequate food rations, especially as the war progressed. Although most of the soldiers who fought in the American Civil War were volunteers, both sides by 1862 resorted to conscription, primarily as a means to force men to register and volunteer. Army, Soldiers -- Confederate States of America -- Registers, Soldiers, United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Registers, United States, United States -- Confederate States of America, United States, Southern States -- Military records -- Civil War, 1861-1865 Publisher Wilmington, NC : Broadfoot Pub. Honoring the heroes & heroines that fought that struggle is no disgrace. Confederate soldiers were called rebels because, at the time, the American Civil War was known as the "War of the Rebellion." Since the Confederates were fighting against their own country in this rebellion, they were called "rebels." For more information about soldiers in the war, check out the following article on Civil War soldiers. Richard Rowland Kirkland (August 1843 - September 20, 1863), known as "The Angel of Marye's Heights", was a Confederate soldier during the American Civil War, noted by both sides for his bravery and the story of his humanitarian actions during the Battle of Fredericksburg . "Grunt" A Vietnam War soldier. Confederate soldiers were also called Throughout the war, the Confederacy raised the equivalent of 1,010 regiments in all branches, including militias, versus 2,050 regiments for the U.S. In war, enemy soldiers are given nicknames. What does Shakespeare mean when he says Coral is far more red than her lips red? Johnny, or just plain Reb. "They shot them if they would not load the cannon, and we shot them if they did. Search the history of over 797 billion As early as November 1864, some Confederates knew that the chance of securing victory against the U.S. was slim. The best estimates of the number of deaths of Confederate soldiers appear to be about 94,000 killed or mortally wounded in battle, 164,000 deaths from disease and between 26,000 and 31,000 deaths in Union prison camps. The Confederate States Army, also called the Confederate Army or the Southern Army, was the military land force of the Confederate States of America (commonly referred to as the Confederacy) during the American Civil War (18611865), fighting against the United States forces to win the independence of the Southern states and uphold the institution of slavery. Download Texas Confederate Soldiers 1861 1865 Name Roster full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. In contrast, about 25,000 Union soldiers died as a result of accidents, drowning, murder, killed after capture, suicide, execution for various crimes, execution by the Confederates (64), sunstroke, other and not stated. According to his analysis, the soldiers' faith was consoling for the loss of comrades; it was a shield against fear; it helped reduce drinking and fighting in the ranks; it enlarged the soldiers' community of close friends and helped compensate for their long-term separation from home.[38][39]. Regiments were commanded by colonels. Copy. [119][120] However, Confederate authorities feared retaliation, and consequently no black prisoner was ever put on trial and executed. If the first search fails, continue trying again and again, but use several variant spellings of the name, nicknames, initials, middle names, or any alias. Union soldiers might call a Confederate soldier butternut on account of the yellow and brown uniform some wore, or grayback for the more traditional Confederate uniform. pilot or "Flying Tigers" Military Unit Rank Enlistment Place Day Month Year Location Clear search Source Information A few corps commanders were never confirmed as lieutenant generals and exercised corps command for varying periods as major generals. The road system was poor, and it relied more and more on a heavily overburdened railroad system. To learn more, click on the seal or go to www.kidsafeseal.com. They tended to be young southern farmers, laborers and mechanics. What did the Confederate States stand for? March 13, 1865, authorized up to 300,000 African American troops but was never fully implemented. Occasionally, regiments would be transferred between brigades. [25] On October 11, the Confederate Congress passed the so-called "Twenty Negro Law",[26] which exempted anyone who owned 20 or more slaves, a move that caused deep resentment among conscripts who did not own slaves. On February 8, 1861, representatives of those states announced the formation of the Confederate States of America, with its capital at Montgomery , Alabama. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". These lists contain names of Confederate soldiers, their regiment, and burial place transcribed from monuments and headstones. Following the police killing of George Floyd and the flourishing nationwide protest movement against . At the beginning of the war, Albert Pike was appointed as Confederate envoy to Native Americans. Some men with a weak religious affiliation became committed Christians, and saw their military service in terms of satisfying God's wishes. the "CSA"), whereas the northern states that remained united under the U.S. Constitution were called collectively "the Union.". Tennessee joined the Confederacy in 1861, but Tennessee soldiers served in both the Union and Confederate armies. [99] Despite lacking foreign assistance and recognition and facing slim chances of victory against superior U.S. assets, Confederate newspapers such as the Georgian Atlanta Southern Confederacy continued to maintain their position and oppose the idea of armed black men in the Confederate Army, even as late in the war as January 1865. What are 6 of Charles Dickens classic novels? Research guide for the American Civil War, https://library.citadel.edu/c.php?g=911931, National Park Service: Soldiers & Sailors Database, The Roster of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1865, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of Rebellion. Most of the men whose names appear in this index served with units from 15 different states or territories; others were soldiers raised directly by the Confederate government, generals and staff officers, and other enlisted men not associated with a regiment. Get a free answer to a quick problem. "Billy Yank" A Union soldier during the Civil War. troops under the command of General P. G. T. Beauregard bombarded Fort Sumter on April 1213, 1861 and forced its capitulation on April 14. Compiled service records are files of cards that abstract original military records relating to an individual soldier. greyback, Johnny, Johnny Reb, Reb, Rebel - `Johnny' was applied So anestimated 20,000 to . In December 1863, it abolished the practice of allowing a rich drafted man to hire a substitute to take his place in the ranks. Collections; . For more information on our use of cookies and usage policies, please visit our PRIVACYPOLICY. Black Confederates: Truth and Legend. What were Confederate soldiers nicknames in the American Civil War? In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. Members of all the military forces of the Confederate States (the army, the navy, and the marine corps) are often referred to as "Confederates", and members of the Confederate army were referred to as "Confederate soldiers". Realizing they had advanced too far forward of their own unit, they attempted to return and Kirkland was shot. Author Neil Schmitz has examined the deep unease Twain felt about losing his honor, his fear of facing death as a soldier, and his rejection of a Southern identity as a professional author. "[45], In 1894, Virginian and former Confederate soldier John S. Mosby, reflecting on his role in the war, stated in a letter to a friend that "I've always understood that we went to war on account of the thing we quarreled with the North about. of the American Civil War-. Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? Please note that the Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System contains just an index of the men who served in the Civil War with only rudimentary information from the service records (including name, rank and unit in which they served). General Kershaw would later be buried in that same cemetery, which also maintains the graves of Civil War General John Bordenave Villepigue and his descendant, World War I Medal of Honor recipient John Canty Villepigue, in addition to World War I Medal of Honor recipient Richmond Hobson Hilton. What was of the nickname of the Union Army? The rhetoric of liberty that had permeated the letters of Confederate volunteers in 1861, grew even stronger as the war progressed. While I think the slavery was certainly a significant catalyst (along with tariffs & internal improvements) for the war, once started the Southern objective was simple: obtain independence in a national liberation struggle. [113] He noted that some Confederates brought along "their body servants, who in many cases had grown up with them" and that "on occasion some of those body servants were known to have picked up a rifle and fought. For Free. This was a decision made early in the conflict. On March 8 the Confederate Congress passed a law that authorized Davis to issue proclamations to call up no more than 100,000 men. The age range of the Confederate Armys First Conscription Act in 1862 was 18 to 35 but the Third Conscription Act in 1864 changed it to 17 to 50. Branch colors were used for the color of chevronsblue for infantry, yellow for cavalry, and red for artillery. The Confederacy refused. "[94] African American slave labor was used in a wide variety of logistical support roles for the Confederacy, from infrastructure and mining, to teamster and medical roles such as hospital attendants and nurses. There is a ready explanation for this apparent paradox. This database contains an index to compiled service records (CSRs) for soldiers who served with units in the Confederate army. It also extended the terms of enlistment for all one-year soldiers to three years. Where should I start working out out of shape? In this capacity he negotiated several treaties, one such treaty was the Treaty with Choctaws and Chickasaws conducted in July 1861. greyback - Dictionary Definition "Johnny' was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; `greyback' derived from their grey Confederate uniforms" "As nouns the difference between confederate and greyback Civil War By The Numbers. There is too many free niggers now to suit me, let alone having four millions. The city was soon filled with some 1,000 government members, 7,000 civil servants, and scores of rowdy Confederate soldiers itching for battle. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. After a successful battle, it was not unusual for victorious Confederate troops to procure U.S. Army uniform parts from captured supplies and dead U.S. soldiers; this would occasionally cause confusion in later battles and skirmishes.[78]. Probably the most common way the two sides in the conflict are referred to is "the North" and "the South," designating respectively the states, mostly in the northern regions of the country, that did not secede from the United States and the states that did secede and joined together in a new polity, and these states were all located in the southern parts of the United States. Confederate soldiers had a variety of nicknames, such as Reb, Johnny Reb, Greyback, Rebels, Secesh, Butternuts and Johnnies, according to Josephus Nelson Larned in his book The New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading and Research: During the first year of the war [of the rebellion in the United States] the Union soldiers commonly called their opponents, Rebs and Secesh; in 1862, Confeds; in 1863 Graybacks and Butternuts and in 1864, Johnnies. The nickname Butternuts was given the Confederates on account of their homespun clothes, dyed reddish-brown with a dye made of butternut bark. A Manual of Military Surgery (1863). What was the nickname of the Confederate soldiers? [128] According to the authors of Liberty, Equality, Power, "Expressing outrage at this treatment, in 1863 the Lincoln administration suspended the exchange of prisoners until the Confederacy agree to treat white and black prisoners alike. types of uniforms Confederate soldiers wore. Both the United States and the Confederate States began in earnest to raise large, mostly volunteer, armies,[15][16] with the opposing objectives: putting down the rebellion and preserving the Union on the one hand, and establishing independence from the United States on the other. Barring the same type of circumstances that might leave a lower grade officer in temporary command, divisions were commanded by major generals and corps were commanded by lieutenant generals. on the Internet. ), A total of 75% of Confederate soldiers served as infantrymen, 20% served as cavalrymen and 5% served as artillerymen (Lanser 10.). Let us put the negro to work, but not to fight. [112] Army) or lieutenant generals. However, when Kirkland asked if he could show a white handkerchief, General Kershaw stated he could not do that. The United States victory at Vicksburg in 1863 shut off supplies from Texas and the west. Vol 2, C.A. Davis was a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, and colonel of a volunteer regiment during the MexicanAmerican War. Be the first one to, The roster of Confederate soldiers, 1861-1865, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Confederate States of America. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. By the time Abraham Lincoln took office as President of the United States on March 4, 1861, the seven seceding slave states had formed the Confederate States. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Most historians agree that, no matter what he thought about when he went into the war, the experience of combat affected him profoundly and sometimes affected his reasons for continuing to fight. The production of these 3" Rifle projectiles began in April 1864. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. However, according to Randolph H. McKim in his book The Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army, the numbers of enrollment into the Confederate army were: Virginia: 175,000Florida: 15,000Georgia: 120,000North Carolina: 129,000South Carolina: 75,000Mississippi: 70,000Alabama: 90,000Tennessee: 115,000. III, pp. The Union name for the battle is derived from Antietam Creek, which flows south from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, to the . Native Americans served in both the United States and Confederate military during the American Civil War. most of the battlefields were located in Confederate states. 2000-2022Sandbox Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 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