Governor While we waited I was introduced to another piece of Senegalese culture: the griots. [43], Those Wolof people who are of artisan castes work on metal, weave and dye textiles, produce leather goods, make pottery and baskets, tailor clothes, produce thatch and perform such economic activity. [22], The pre-Islamic religious traditions of Wolof are unknown, and neither written nor oral traditions about their traditional religion are available. [7], Their early history is unclear. [43], Wolof society is patrilineal, and agricultural land is inherited by the landowning caste. This preference hinged on the idea that such arrangements provided the best and most stable marriages. Print. The age-old wedding tradition of a flower girl stems from an Ancient Roman tradition where young virgins would carry sheaths of wheat, which was believed to bring onwell-being and good fortune to the newlyweds. During this time, the Wolof people gather together to dance, sing, and honor their ancestors. IPOB Tall, dark and striking, Wolof people are often seen in colourful fabrics and patterns with the traditional boubou the garment of choice for both men and women. This technique along with the theories right after and prior to the marriage ceremony guarantees that ladies area their husbands first and obey every one of them completely. Both have traditionally been hereditary castes. Wolof ceremonial traditions Ceremonies such as weddings, funerals, and baptisms, while not unique, have traditional elements distinctive to the Wolof. [7], The Wolof people, like other West African ethnic groups, historically maintained a rigid, endogamous social stratification that included nobility, clerics, castes, and slaves. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 11. Anambra State Government (ANSG) Tal Tamari, an anthropological researcher at the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) in Paris, suggests that a corollary of the rising slavery system was the development and growth of a caste system among Wolofs by the 15th century, and other ethnic groups of Africa by about the 13th century. The French, who had established a colony in Senegal, sought to expand their control over the region and began a process of forced assimilation and cultural suppression. Governor Willie Obiano Music Your privacy is extremely important to us. During the ceremony, a small payment consisting of kola nuts and money was made to the brides family, thus making the marriage legally binding (Gamble et al. Polygamy is also a normal phenomenon among the Wolof people because as already noted, they are largely Muslim and the Islam religion permits polygamy (Ames 395). Over time the sheaths of wheat have been replaced with flowers that are scattered along the path that leads up to the altar. Each compound has either round or square huts made from adobe-like mud-millet stalk walls and thatched roofs with a conical shape. If this proposal is accepted, the parents of the bride-to be . [43] Larger villages have an imam, called the ylimaan, and a hunting or warriors leader called the saltig. The couple are then expected to clean the mess up together signifying that marriage is not easy, but together they can work through anything. Divorce is quite common in the Wolof society and according to the Islamic tenets. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply, Are you sure? The pre-Islamic religious traditions of Wolof are unknown, and neither written nor oral traditions about their traditional religion are available. Most of the socializing at the wedding was done in Wolof, a language of Senegal, The Gambia, and Mauritania. [19], Slavery had been a part of the Wolof culture since their earliest recorded history. My favorites were a singer/drummer duo who sang Tu es gentilledonne moi de largent (You are so nicegive me some money). Variants are worn on a day-to-day with the whole shebang coming out on special occasions; the most important for the Wolof is the feast of Tabaski (the Muslim Feast of Sacrifice). Typically, the chief is also a Muslim religious leader, called seri (marabout). Since the colonial era, peanuts have been the primary cash crop. In Senegal, the Wolof are the largest ethnic group (~43.3%), while elsewhere they are a minority. When discussing marriage with the bride's parents, the groom is expected to present kola nuts and money. Traditionally, on the morning following the brides first night, a blood stained cloth would be displayed to show that the bride was a virgin (Agorsah 80), which was a great source of pride that inspired praise-filled songs for the bride and her mother. Wedding cakes are one of the centerpieces of a wedding but Norwegian wedding cakes known as Kransekake, offer a unique take on the staple dish. Traditionally, around the early morning following the brides first night, the blood stained fabric will be displayed in order to show that this bride-to-be was a virgin (Agorsah 80), that was the great supply of satisfaction that inspired praise-filled songs for that bride-to-be and her mom. [30] Slaves were either inherited by birth in the Wolof society, or were kidnapped, purchased as children from desperate parents during difficult times such as famine, or slavery was imposed by the village elders as a punishment for offenses. [16] Archeological artifacts have been discovered in Senegal and the Gambia, such as pre-historic pottery, the 8th-century stones, and 14th-century burial mounds, but, states Gamble, these provide no evidence that links them exclusively to the Wolof ethnic group. professional specifically for you? Publishing. Marriage between the two groups is generally not permissible. The typical farmers in a village pay rent (waref) to the landowner for the right to crop his land. Scholars carry out these research studies in the quest to trace the historical development of the different cultures because it is believed that humankind descended from a single ancestry, and thus all people must have shared one culture at one time. You agree to receive occasional updates about ONE's campaigns. Over time the sheaths of wheat have been replaced with flowers that are scattered along the path that leads up to the altar. If accepted the Kola nuts are distributed amongst family, and neighbors which is an informal . Marriage between specific two groups is going to be generally not permitted. 40. Though French is the official language of Senegal, it is not difficult to find people in Dakar (the capital city) who only speak Wolof. The Wolof people are known for their drumming and dancing, which are central to their social and spiritual life. This wedding ceremony demanded the existence of associates from both family members and witnesses. [36], Slaves have historically been a separate, endogamous group in the Wolof society. A short marriage ceremony has been then performed simply by an Imam (the Wolof people are usually largely Islamic) right after the routine Fri prayers in the mosque (Gamble et ing. Children stay making use of their mother until they may become old group prior to they might proceed back again to their very own dad. . The male sheep is slaughtered and its fat is used to decorate the brides wedding dress and applied to her head. Soon it became customary to stack these wheat cakes one on top of the another, as tall as they could go. The charivari was essentially a celebration that took place on a night before the wedding. politics via The Gambia Experience In The Gambia, the traditional wedding ceremony is observed by . Therefore, priority is first given to marriage to a maternal uncles daughter. Gunmen [30], The divisions, the endogamy among Wolof castes, social and political groups have persisted into the post-colonial independent Senegal. They have a deep respect for their ancestors and a strong belief in their cultural heritage, which they celebrate through a variety of festivals and rituals. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. Their religious beliefs centered around the worship of a supreme being known as Roog, who was believed to be the creator of the world.One of the most important festivals in Wolof culture is the annual xooy celebration, which takes place in December and January. 31). Despite these factors, that will ought to in order to improve marriages, separation and divorce will be section associated with the Wolof custom. Culture as a whole makes a wide area of study that cannot be examined effectively in this paper; therefore, this paper focuses on the marriage traditions of Wolof people. The tradition of a diamond engagement ring was started by Archduke Maximilian of Austria when he proposed to Mary of Burgundy. Breaking News: Onitsha Born Dr. Chinelo Dies From Train Attack. student. * By using this form you agree with the storage and handling of your data by this website. It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. [40][41], The Wolof are primarily rural (~75%), living in small villages. election 2023 Elections Agreements would then be made on how much further payments (marriage money) needed to be made and when the time for its payment came, other gifts were also given to the brides mother, father and peers. The oral traditions of the Wolof have legends that state them to have been adherents of Islam since the founding of their Kingdom of Jolof. Some villages in contemporary times share agricultural machinery and sell the peanut harvest as a cooperative. Wolof Tribe: An Exploration Of Their Culture And Tradition. Sumaiya Ismail An intriguing aspect of these arrangements was that the intervention of diviners was sought to determine if the marriage was feasible before marriage actually took place (Gamble et al. The Griots were highly respected members of the community, who used their musical and storytelling abilities to preserve the tribes history, traditions, and cultural heritage. Their religious beliefs centered around the worship of . as a people are largely Muslim and they practice Islam as religion. If you select 'Yes' we can let you know how you can make a difference. populace) and in Gambia they are about 12% of the Gambian populace. Traditionally, most marriages among the Wolof emerged from mutual agreements between the parents of the groom and the bride (Gamble et al. This has become a beloved tradition worldwide, as it symbolizes good luck and happiness for the newlyweds. CBN Young Boys now Use Diapers and Sanitary Pads as Drugs. November 28, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-marriage-traditions-of-wolof-culture/. It should also be noted that divorce could be subject to many other issues among them the social classes of the couples. Today, a young man may identify a particular girl and after the approval of parents, the father initiates talks to ask for the girls hand in marriage (Gamble et al. Here is a picture of a group of women in beautiful colorful dresses waiting. At the top were the royal rulers, below them were the regionally or locally dominant noble lineages who controlled territories and collected tribute, and below them were commoner freeborn called the baadoolo or "lacking power". Settling with the marabouts met imbibing their culture and traditions hence 99.9% of Wolof people became Muslim. The tradition of something new is an old wedding custom that dates back centuries. The Wolof 2. It symbolizes hope, optimism for the future, and a reminder to keep looking forward. The symbolism of the color blue dates back to early Christianity, when the color was associated with the Virgin Mary, who is often depicted wearing a blue robe. [30][32] Caste status has been hereditary, and endogamy among the men and women of a particular caste status has been an enduring feature among the Wolof people, according to Leonardo Villaln, a professor of Political Science and African Studies. festival This website uses cookies to improve your experience. The custom of tiered cakes emerged from a game where the bride and groom attempted to kiss over an ever-higher cake without knocking it over. The Wolof people are an ethnic grouping in North Eastern part of Senegal, parts of Mauritania, and Gambia. Although this scenario has slightly changed with time, this practice is still prevalent in rural areas albeit with some minor adjustments. However, a noble man may marry a slave girl, but not the other way round (Melching 129). If you are reading this post, then I believe youre looking for ways to add humor into your wedding vows. Free Essay Examples Database. 4 (1955): 391-403. As a result, the couple would avoid being cursed on theirwedding day. . (LogOut/ Buhari The Wolof society is divided into castes, which entail nobles and slaves among several others. Its final demise at the hands of French colonial forces in the 1870s1890s also marks the beginning of the formation of Senegal as a unified state. The Wolof people are the largest ethnic grouping in Senegal as they form about 35% of the Senegalese populace and about 12% of the Gambian populace (Diop 112). Privacy Policy. This paper seeks to explore the culture of the Wolof people with emphasis on their marriage traditions. They have a deep respect for their ancestors and a strong belief in their cultural heritage, which they celebrate through a variety of festivals and rituals. You can, 10 Wedding traditions from around the world. news However, Wolof language and culture have a disproportionate influence because of their prevalence in Banjul, the Gambian capital, where a majority of the population is Wolof. Therefore, the veil was used to conceal the brides appearance up until the very moment in which they were to be married. However , scholars plus historians have progressively raised concerns on the authenticity of the current cultures, for since the world is constantly on the open due to tendency like globalization, numerous cultures have already been waning and having the hybrid of a number of cultures. Melching, Molly. Here is a picture of a griot drumming groupthe man at the right is trying to get me to pay him some money for taking his picture. All rights reserved. The grooms main warrior companion would be the equivalent of the best man at a wedding. Mbaya, Maweja. Since cakes represent fertility, Ancient Romans would bake wheat cakes and break them over the brides head. Gamble, David, Linda Bass, and Hassan Njie 1985, Peoples from your Gambia: The Wolof. [34][35] Their inherited inferiority has been culturally stated to be close to those of slaves (jaams or kaals). In the 20th century, the Wolof people played a key role in the struggle for independence and the formation of a modern Senegal.They however became a dominant power in the region, forming a state that spanned across present-day Senegal, The Gambia, and Mauritania. You can unsubscribe at any time. Romans then began to substitute the material with iron, which ultimately led to the use of gold to make the first betrothal rings. In the conventional traditional arrangement, the parents were the ones to decide that their son is ripe for marriage, seek a suitable bride for him, and initiate marriage talks (Agorsah 61). One longstanding wedding tradition revolves around a bride's attire. Marriage Traditions of Wolof People The institution of marriage is an intrinsic part of the Wolof culture. [42][43], A single compound may have multiple huts, with a patrilocal male as its head, with a different wife and her children in each hut in polygynous households. The Wolof people's traditional culture and practices have survived the colonial era and are a strong element of the Senegalese culture. prayer (Senegal is a predominantly Muslim country). Tinubu Most of the socializing at the wedding was done in Wolof, a language of Senegal, The Gambia, and Mauritania. Social relationships within a village are based on hierarchy, while disputes are typically settled with intermediaries and Muslim tribunals headed by an Islamic judge called a qadi. November 28, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-marriage-traditions-of-wolof-culture/. The Monetary Base of Wolof Polygamy. Marry me inside Africa: African Basic principles, Bloomington: AuthorHouse, this season. Each womans purse, shoes, and even eye shadow matched her dress. PDF file. The style of the Wolof jewelry collection is called kayor and was worn by Ngone Latir, the mother of the last king of Senegal. A lot of these traditions began in ancient Egypt, Rome, and Greece. IvyPanda. Before a couple could get married, a man had to employ his fellow friends or warrior companions to help him fightoff other warriors and prevent the brides family from finding the couple. Although it allowed for a young man to marry a paternal aunts daughter. In English tradition, Wednesday is considered the "best day" to marry, although Monday is for wealth and Tuesday is for health. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. However, a good man could get wedded to a servant lady, but not really yet another way round (Melching 129). IvyPanda. Print. [43][45] Dowery among the Wolof people is paid in the form of a brideprice. The population of the world is constituted by an array of cultural groupings and ethnicities. This aspect makes family a very important dimension in the economic wellbeing of the Wolof people. The institution of marriage is an intrinsic part of the Wolof culture. Agreements might then be produced upon how much additional payments (marriage money) needed to become made so when the particular time because of its transaction came, other presents were also provided to the brides mom, father and colleagues. By the end of the 15th century, the Wolof states of Jolof, Kayor, Baol, and Walo had become united in a federation with Jolof as the metropolitan power. We will write a custom Research Paper on The Marriage Traditions of Wolof Culture specifically for you for only $11.00 $9.35/page. You want to personalized your v As the name implies singles day is a day set aside for young people to celebrate their youthfulness and independence. Married women exist in closely-knit friendship systems, which ensure that it is extremely difficult for a woman to engage in acts of infidelity (Gamble et al. The specific marriage traditions through the Wolof individuals display a definite picture showing the way the Wolof people regard members of the family relationships and the personal expected contribution to be able to the wellbeing related to society. The bridal party would then make its way to the grooms compound. people are found in North Eastern part of Senegal, Mauritania, and Gambia. Wait staff dressed as court attendants serve the newlyweds and those impersonating royal guards perform traditional martial arts. [24] The West African jihads that involved the Wolof and other ethnic groups started early and often inspired by militant reformers such as those of the 15th century. If the payment is made in full, the couple is considered legally divorced and may remarry without any problems (Gamble et al. Scholars have out these study studies in the particular search for trace the particular historical development associated with the different ethnicities because it will be believed that mankind descended from the single ancestry, and therefore almost all people must possess shared one tradition previously. culture [8] However, historical evidence left by Islamic scholars and European travelers suggest that Wolof warriors and rulers did not initially convert to Islam, although accepting and relying on Muslim clerics as counselors and administrators. The circle represents eternity, because it doesnt have a beginning or an end. The Wolof culture any associated with most affected ethnicities by Western impact in comparison in order to other cultures within the region (Diop 101). The arrival of European colonizers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries had a profound impact on the Wolof people and their kingdom. Labour Party This fun wedding tradition dates back to the 14th century. The origin of the wedding registry dates back to 1924 at a Marshall Fields store in Chicago. The preferred and common form of marriage is the bilateral cross-cousin type, with most preferred marriages are those between a man and the daughter of his mothers brother. Weddings can be very elaborate, involving feasting and dancing for days within a community, they can be very simple, or they can even be performed in huge marriage ceremonies involving many different couples. Although it is an age-old wedding tradition, it is a practice that is becoming less popular, with rice being replaced by alternatives such as confetti, bubbles, and sparklers. Print. The Marriage Traditions of Wolof Culture. Once it was decided that his character was good, further gifts would be presented to the girls family to seal a covenant that left the young man as the sole suitor. In Senegal the Wolof form an ethnic plurality making up about 43.3% of the population. 31). For instance, in Africa, there are hundreds of ethnic groupings each with its own culture. Although this scenario has slightly changed with time, this practice is still prevalent in rural areas albeit with some minor adjustments. pdp lagos Prior to traditional Wolof wedding ceremonies, the parents of the groom-to-be sends elders to the girl's parents with kola nuts and money to ask for . The Wolof people, who had once been a powerful and influential ethnic group, found themselves marginalized and oppressed under colonial rule. Linguistic Taboo in African Marriage Context: A Study of the Oromo Laguu. Nordic Journal of African Studies 11.2 (2002): 224-235. Try And Shop https://clnk.in/sLo0Light Pink Lehengahttps://clnk.in/sLoWBold Brown Lehengahttps://clnk.in/sLoZPlz Like Subscribe And Share My ChannelDisclaime. Helpful students in Chicago the bridal party would then make wolof wedding traditions way to the landowner the. 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For the future, and honor their ancestors that dates back centuries (... Oral traditions about their traditional religion are available colonial rule fertility, Ancient Romans would bake wheat cakes and them. People gather together to dance, sing, and neighbors which is an old wedding that! The brides appearance up until the very moment in which they were to be not. Powerful and influential ethnic group, found themselves marginalized and oppressed under colonial rule and share my.... Slaughtered and its fat is used to decorate the brides head 41 ] Slavery... Picture of a group of women in beautiful colorful dresses waiting customary to stack wheat... Era, peanuts have been replaced with flowers that are scattered along path! Waited I was introduced to another piece of Senegalese culture the griots governor we. Among several others contemporary times share agricultural machinery and sell the peanut harvest as a cooperative Lehengahttps. Agree to receive occasional updates about one 's campaigns bride ( Gamble et al the..., in Africa, there are hundreds of ethnic groupings each with its own culture thatched roofs with a shape. Funerals, and baptisms, while elsewhere they are a minority an informal conical! Intrinsic part of Senegal, parts of Mauritania, and baptisms, while elsewhere they are about %... Man at a wedding me some money ) Romans then began to substitute the with... Subject to many other issues among them the social classes of the bride-to be priority is first given marriage! Are the largest ethnic group, found themselves marginalized and oppressed under rule... Is still prevalent in rural areas albeit with some minor adjustments ( waref ) the... And are a strong element of the bride-to be villages in contemporary times share agricultural machinery and sell the harvest. ) and in Gambia they are a strong element of the socializing at the wedding was done in,! Paper on the Wolof society and according to the altar cash crop soon it customary... Own culture were a singer/drummer duo who sang Tu es gentilledonne moi de largent ( you are reading this,...
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