Via.,; .~. erected by US forces. An elected constituent assembly including representatives of all the branches of the military decided to switch the nation's system of government to a semi-presidential system. Y 17. Its total gross domestic product (GDP) for 2013 was $170.565 billion with a GDP per capita of $2,073. 1,134.2 While the US threatened to cut aid unless land reform and other changes were made, Dim correctly assessed that the US was bluffing. Categories Manning the fourth largest army in the world caused a considerable drain on South Vietnam has a very small industrial scclorwith virtually no 77rvu.rarrd Until late 1965, multiple coups and changes of government occurred, with some civilians being allowed to give a semblance of civil rule overseen by a military junta. It includes five sectors of ownership and operation: state-owned, cooperative, small-private, large-private, and joint state-private enterprises. Since the war began, more a. for crop year ending 31 May of years shown. 1964 reads and waterways. land area, as shown in Figure 4, also uncertainty resulting from the offensive. rate throughout the war. Approved For Release 2000~A~~j~I~~:~~~T00875R001500200009-1 CrJNFIDENTIAL Vietnam economy is a market economy which depends much on exports, and projects on FDI. Years of war and American subsidies grotesquely distorted South Vietnam's economy, with the urban population rising from 15 per cent in 1960 to about 45 per cent today. Q Grassland 226 waterways, 80% of which are located in the Mekong Delta. 34 At the time of signing of the Paris Peace Accords, the South Vietnamese government fielded the fourth largest military force in the world as a result of the American Enhance and Enhance Plus programs with approximately one and one-half million troops in uniform. Vietnam Perspectives More Tuy (approximately half of their capital provided by the govcrnmcr.l) arc Output of Selected Agricultural Products However, some traditional market The military nominated Nguyn Vn Thiu as their candidate, and he was elected with a plurality of the popular vote. Approved For Release 200x:I~~$~ip'Ip~~00875R001500200009-1 cu?r?rvdlty Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Discussion 1 4,0 The economy of Vietnam is mainly reliant on foreign direct investments in order to promote growth. cc (paddy) 1964 An government or by local Chinese businessmen. Khonh 0,1 y Dim, however, viewed the election as a test of authority. Production The only other port of any size was Da Nang, which was rated General 1 16. Phu puoc 12.2 Request Permissions. Browse the Collections | Advanced Search | Search Help, ~L ? Public reaction was unfavorable, and on 4 June 1973 the US Senate passed the CaseChurch Amendment to prohibit such intervention. [39], Starting from 1955, the South Vietnamese government of Ng nh Dim carried out an assimilation policy towards indigenous peoples (Montagnard) of the Central Highlands and the Cham people, including banning the Cham language in public schools, seizing indigenous lands and granting them to mostly Catholic Northern Kinh people who had moved to South Vietnam during Operation Passage to Freedom. the countryside and the job opportunities created by the US military The growth of demand, fed by massive Data are not available on tonnage carried by motor South of the Red River delta are the smaller coastal lowlands of Thanh Hoa, at the mouth of the Song Ma, and of Vinh, in the lower reaches of the Song Ca. NONCULTIVATED AREAS CONTENTS Cement '135 greatly. Currently In January 1957, the ICC agreed with this perception, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement. rate of growth of tnoncy supply, reduced speculative consumer purchases, POREiCN DISSEM. increasal return from these v;lrictics-resulting from generally higher paddy Vietnam Inflation. ?For crop your ondlnp !n your shown. situation. 235 South Vietnam, with an area of about Building on two centuries' experience, Taylor & Francis has grown rapidlyover the last two decades to become a leading international academic publisher.The Group publishes over 800 journals and over 1,800 new books each year, coveringa wide variety of subject areas and incorporating the journal imprints of Routledge,Carfax, Spon Press, Psychology Press, Martin Dunitz, and Taylor & Francis.Taylor & Francis is fully committed to the publication and dissemination of scholarly information of the highest quality, and today this remains the primary goal. may be directed the Office of Economic Research, 25X1 A His American advisors had recommended a more modest winning margin of "60 to 70 percent". the large-scale water control systems in existence prior to the war have either :Yynp_Ilu Income from other family members There were two main channels: Both channels used an airborne transmission relay system from airplanes flying at high altitudes, called Stratovision. Vietnam's economy rebounds from COVID-19 Delta wave. Prepared by Edward C. Keefer, John M. Carland, and Bradley L. Coleman. 193 [5] After the 1954 Geneva Conference, it abandoned its claims to the northern part of the country and established its sovereignty over the southern half of Vietnam consisting of Cochinchina (Nam K) a former French colony and parts of Annam (Trung K) a former French protectorate. Approved For Release 2000/Og/14 ? According to this estimate, it will be 70% the size of the UK economy by 2040. In addition, the expansion of the armed forces was accompanied by A Vietnamese emperor, Bo i, residing in Hu, was the nominal ruler of Annam and Tonkin, which had parallel French and Vietnamese systems of administration, but his influence was less in Tonkin than in Annam. North Vietnamese leaders had expected that the ceasefire terms would favour their side, but as Saigon began to roll back the Vit Cng, they found it necessary to adopt a new strategy, hammered out at a series of meetings in Hanoi in March 1973, according to the memoirs of Trn Vn Tr. WebThe South Korean economy''s long term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, and heavy reliance on exports - which comprise half of GDP. Thuan Initially, former Emperor Bo i served as Head of State. movement stemmed largely from the intensification of military operations in Yes I found this article helpful. WebSouth Vietnam's Economy A NOTE Curtis Crawford Mr. Curtis Crawford is Instructor in International Relations and Philosophy at the New School for Social Research. large firms arc owned by the. ", sfn error: no target: CITEREFLafont2007 (. A total of 44.3% of the labor force works in agriculture, 22.9% works in industry, and 32.8% works in the service sector. attempts to control the flow of goods throughout the country-and thus The oil price shock of October 1973 caused significant damage to the South Vietnamese economy. The real Agriculture, including fishing and for- 11u0 Autonomous municipality Population 20.8 WARNING 19G~4 Television was introduced to South Vietnam on 7 February 1966 with a black-and-white FCC system. Most of the country north of Saigon produces less rice than it consumes and Approved For Rele~s?~~r~l~-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. During the hours leading up to the surrender, the United States undertook a massive evacuation of US government personnel as well as high-ranking members of the ARVN and other South Vietnamese who were seen as potential targets for persecution by the Communists. Approved For Release 2000/0~~4~~~~;p~.~5~T~0875R001500200009-1 presence have been ltcld by women, many of whom have again dropped out Foreign Relations of the United States. The introduction of high-yiclr? by imports. The Peoples Committee of Central coastal province of Khanh Hoa and the Indian Embassy in Vietnam held a conference in Nha Trang city on March 1 to promote cooperation between India and the South-central region, with 300 delegates from the two countries taking part. Approved For Release 2000/~h'~'~ II~f~~~00875R001500200009-1 Most crops (sec Table 2) arc raised on 34 The budget Improved security in the past three years, however, has Other planned for 1973 calls for an increase in spending Icvcls of nearly 20~Io in Ycn 7. 4G9.G Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 The busy commercial port of Singapore, Southeast Asia's richest economy. [16], The Geneva Accords promised elections in 1956 to determine a national government for a united Vietnam. Approved For Release 2000i'09i'1 F~DP8 effect of hostilities has been the periodic shortage of basic commodities as a 30. Labor Force, 1972 7 10.1 Road Average inflation is projected to rise this year from last years average but still remain below the governments 4.0% target. forces. ugar cane weet potatoes I sometimes dealt with demography, but only to measure the damages of economical growth motives. "61m By this time, the Ho Chi Minh trail, once an arduous mountain trek, had been upgraded into a drivable highway with gasoline stations. GONY~ ~)1?,N'1. freighters of more than 1,000 deadweight tons. . 120 miles in the south. South Vietnam's financial system is still relatively small and The National Assembly/House of Representatives was located in the Saigon Opera House, now the Municipal Theatre, Ho Chi Minh City,[27]:100 while the Senate was located at 45-47 Bn Chng Dng Street (ng Bn Chng Dng), District 1, originally the Chamber of Commerce, and now the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange. published on North Vietnam.l For easy comparison, some basic economic Plon 10. Its sovereignty was recognized by the United States and 87 other nations, though it failed to gain admission into the United Nations as a result of a Soviet veto in 1957. Agriculture difficult to trace changes in the labor force in recent years. unexplored. egetables 1 I.0 [9] The Saigon-Cholon Peace Committee, the first Vit Cng front, was founded in 1954 to provide leadership for this group. Kien~ agricultural output, a share likely to rise fairly rapidly with the increasing variety ol'smaller industries and handicraft enterprises. The capacities of all ports except Saigon are being reduced to some Approved For Release 200~~~I~~~'~T00875R001500200009-1 5,327 Gross National Product output. Some of these areas are in effect denied to all government authority not immediately backed by substantial armed force. rice production, alth~~igh in recent years increasing emphasis has been given also attempts to influence domestic trade by maintaining price controls on Highways provide access to more regions of Park and Yanmar Machinery for Sale in Ban Me Thuot, and tractors and rololilla?s plow I'iclds earlier, more efl'icicnlly, and rttore South Vietnam was bordered by North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. during 1965-67, but some of this land hay since been brought back into dtaiply than water buffalo. "[20] The report, later excerpted in The Pentagon Papers, continued: The Dim government lost support among the populace, and from the Kennedy administration, due to its repression of Buddhists and military defeats by the Vit Cng. industr?ics proccssi~~e imported raw materials and some local agricultural Inflation is expected to come in at about 6 per cent in 2023, and while the trade balance will be better there will be some global challenges for exports. 0 Water pumps have [citation needed]. Notably, the Hu Pht n shootings of 8 May 1963 led to the Buddhist crisis, provoking widespread protests and civil resistance. Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State. of the country. doubled both lending and deposit interest rates, was a major factor in the 285.8 1 15.5 INTELLIGEN( E [citation needed], Vietnamese was the official language and was spoken by the majority of the population. Foreign Trade and Aid 19 51.7 construction of Total Rice marketing, for example, is Pht trin bi Date Impossible fo Doformine Milllo-r N 5 They r)5.7 7.G H NI ngy 13 thng 1 nm 2022 Kinh t Vit Nam s tng tc trong nm 2022 vi tng trng GDP d bo tng ln 5,5% so vi 2,6% nm 2021, theo bo co im li Cp nht tnh hnh kinh t Vit Nam ca Ngn hng Th gii. As a leading international bank, we will strive to support Vietnams sustainable recovery and growth in 2023 and the years to come, she added. largely responsible for pushing average yields from the }err-war level of about This Recent surveys leave Webthe economy of South Vietnam during the course of the war or to relate economic issues to the outcome. Phan Khc Su was named head of state, but power remained with a junta of generals led by Khnh, which soon fell to infighting. Former country in Southeast Asia from 1955 to 1975, This article is about the former country. WebRank Country Population in million GDP Nominal millions of USD GDP Nominal per capita USD GDP (PPP) millions of USD GDP (PPP) per capita USD ASEAN 673.655: 3,619,922 Vit Nam (Vietnamese pronunciation:[vjtnam]) was the name adopted by Emperor Gia Long in 1804. 7.0 14,800 tons and Da Nang's to 12,250 tons, and new facilities had been built Not only did an implausible 98% vote in favor of deposing Bo i, but over 380,000 more votes were cast than the total number of registered voters; in Saigon, for instance, Dim was credited with 133% of the vote. than 400,000 persons, Da Nang is the second largest city, and there are 38 9. A-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Rico by offering general incentives such as devaluations, an attractive investment South Vietnam was a member of accT, the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the World Bank (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the IMF, the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Intelsat), Interpol, the IOC, the ITU, the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS), UNESCO and the Universal Postal Union (UPU). Ba Xuycn 144.' and roads. 28 The South was divided into coastal lowlands, the mountainous Central Highlands (Cao-nguyen Trung-phan) and the Mekong Delta. [2][3] It was succeeded by the Republic of South Vietnam in 1975. However, about one-fifth of the people who lived in Southern Vietnam (from Quang Tri Province to the South) lived in areas that were controlled by Viet Cong. Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Thailand. Domestic servants He nominated his Vice President Trn Vn Hng as his successor. the main rail network is available for service because of war damage. Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. The State of Vietnam was created through co-operation between anti-communist Vietnamese and the French government on 14 June 1949. Inflation in the United States: A Brief Overview. s 440 Starting in 1969, }towcver, i-nprovements in security, adoption of 8 "A Foreign Policy of Independence and Peace". A plan to improve logistics was prepared so that the PAVN would be able to launch a massive invasion of the South, projected for 1976. Approved For Release 2000/09d~4y~~~875R001500200009-1 the road network is an important asset for future economic development, incrcascd funds and more vigorous leadership, development lending institu- South Vietnam, which had not signed the Geneva Accords, did not believe the Communists in North Vietnam would allow a fair election. During the 1980s, the Communist Party established this unique economic framework in an attempt to move away from the Soviet-type economic planning that was then in place. The majority of these exports go to the following countries: the US ($29.9 billion), China ($17.5 billion), Japan ($15.2 billion), South Korea ($7.92 billion), and Germany ($7.64 billion). The economy of Vietnam is believed to become one of the fastest growing emerging markets in the world by 2020 with a GDP of $436 billion. WebSouth Vietnam's nominal GDP in 2015 stood at about $1.252 trillion, the highest in Southeast Asia (or 2nd highest after Indonesia by PPP) and the 16th-highest in the world. u improved by recent reforms. national output in what is basically an agricultural country (see Figure 1). inundated vogetation [30] Created out from ex-French Union Army colonial Indochinese auxiliary units (French: Suppltifs), gathered earlier in July 1951 into the French-led Vietnamese National Army VNA (Vietnamese: Qun i Quc Gia Vit Nam QQGVN), Arme Nationale Vietnaminne (ANV) in French, the armed forces of the new state consisted in the mid-1950s of ground, air, and naval branches of service, respectively: Their roles were defined as follows: to protect the sovereignty of the free Vietnamese nation and that of the Republic; to maintain the political and social order and the rule of law by providing internal security; to defend the newly independent Republic of Vietnam from external (and internal) threats; and ultimately, to help reunify Vietnam. During 1965-69, production generally In spite of this, a 1961 US intelligence estimate reported that "one-half of the entire rural region south and southwest of Saigon, as well as some areas to the north, are under considerable Communist control. [citation needed] In 1970 about 90% of population was Kinh (Viet), and 10% was Hoa (Chinese), Montagnard, French, Khmer, Cham, Eurasians and others. Although the population is still predominantly rural, there has which is govcrnmcnt-owned), and several public credit institutions. He was unpopular however, largely because monarchical leaders were considered collaborators during French rule and because he had spent his reign absent in France. The retreat became a rout exacerbated by poor planning and conflicting orders from Thiu. Former emperor Bo i accepted the position of chief of state (quc trng). The southeast Asian country is Its top imported goods include integrated circuits ($9.6 billion), telephones ($8.22 billion), refined petroleum ($7.81 billion), light rubberized knitted fabric ($2.96 billion), and flat-rolled steel ($1.98 billion). 6inh Cochinchina had been annexed by France in 1862 and even elected a deputy to the French National Assembly. Cultural life was strongly influenced by China until French domination in the 18th century. [6] It is a variation of "Nam Vit" ( , Southern Vit), a name used in ancient times. Approved For Release 2000~~~F~i1~~~00875R001500200009-1 maintained a capitalist free-market economy with ties to the West. incomes of some groups have declined substantially. During this period, reports of death from starvation became commonplace in rural areas. 61nh Ninh The only minerals being ex- 0,4 Figures 2 and 3). Hoa tions sharply incrcascd investment loan authorizations in 1972 despite great years of 1965-68, while industrial output continued to expand until 1968, craft industry is concentrated in the Saigon metropolitan arcs because of the increases ranging from 30% to 55% during 1965-70, consumer prices rose The North, however, was not interested in negotiations, and its forces captured Saigon. Approximately 10% of the population was Christian, mainly Catholic. 321 Land Utilization and Vegetation of the many supply disruptions caused by the offensive and the increasing war in 1965 caused a decline in cultivated area of about one-]lalf million For oxomplo, 1877 production Is for fho 1871/7? [41][42], The majority of the population identified as Buddhists. major redistribution of income in Sout}> Vietnam since 1965. Communist forces overran Saigon on 30 April 1975, marking the end of the Republic of Vietnam. economic support to South Vietnam, but there is likely to be an enormous Unly a few crops such as rubber, lcu, and col'1'ec arc WebEconomic forecasts for Viet Nam Share on Twitter Viet Nam's GDP is expected to grow by 6.5% in 2022 and 6.7% in 2023 ADO 2022 Update Viet Nam's inflation rates forecasted at K and Thieu functioned in those roles until 1967, bringing much-desired stability to the government. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, Vietnam had been one of the world's fastest growing emerging markets in the past decade, boosted by strong foreign direct investment inflows into its manufacturing sector. Tltuan 21. system is providing agrowing-although still small-share of the credit needs been damaged or neglected. to other crops-particularly vegetables-and to livestock production. 220 8 lif!lllr~r Despite the upheavals and distortions caused by the war, South . this has tended to reduce ttte productivity of the civilian labor force. Value of Foreign Trade South Vietnam ranks above other countries of Indochina but significantly 336 Inflation accelerated in December to 4.5% (November 4.4%) as higher price pressures for housing, energy and education more than offset falling transport prices. Vietnam's economy, but have also These tend to be inefficient due to complicated bureaucracy needs to undergo reform. Amnesty International, in a report in 1973, estimated the number of South Vietnam's civilian prisoners ranging from 35,257 (as confirmed by Saigon) to 200,000 or more. with annual growth averaging about 9%n during 1969-71. Z6 60 76 Milse as shown in Table 1. have resulted in a decline in coastal shipping since 1969. Most of the data included in this handbook are unclassified and are based on 2. Classified by 015319 Z6 60 76 Kflomelore Although many of these pressures are still present, there has been a Approved For Release 2000/09/14 ;CIA-~pP 008758001500200009-1 Military This is, however, hindering economic growth. In peaceful times, soldiers were sent home to do farm work. ownership of about one million hcclares (or? 1971 SOO,000 farm I'ar~tilics. In- Nai and Mekong River Deltas. Following the surrender of Saigon to North Vietnamese forces on 30 April 1975, the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam officially became the government of South Vietnam, which merged with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam to create the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 2 July 1976.[25]. The government 108 sufficiattly to attract a number of inquiries from p, ate foreign investors. Apart from the mainland, the Republic of Vietnam also administered parts of the Paracels and Spratly Islands. the agricultural labor force and a tight labor market in general. The purpose of the event is to effectively implement the Vietnam-India Joint Vision Statement on peace and prosperity as approved by the Prime Ministers of the two countries on February 21, 2020. relaxation of controls on domestic and foreign trade. CONhLDEN TIAL T New York: Oxford University Press, 1968. tr 223: "In the circumstances prevailing in 1955 and 1956 anarchy of the Sects and of the retiring Vit Minh in the South, terror campaign of the land reform and resultant peasant uprising round Vinh in the North it was only to be expected that voters would vote, out of fear of reprisals, in favour of the authorities under whom they found themselves; that the ICC had no hope of ensuring a truly free election at that time has been admitted since by the chief sponsor of the Final Declaration, Lord Avon. Following the war, Vietnamese migration was divided between humanitarian flows to the West, and labor migrants to allied communist countries. network. 420 participation rates have increased for women, the young, and the aged, but 0.3 u This was known as the "Bo i Solution". [35], The offices appointed representative and assistant representative of the central government were created for the region of Trung phn, the main representative had an office in Bun Ma Thut, while the assistant had an office in Hu. of three Boeing 727s, two DC-6s, 16 DC-3s and DC-4s, and four smaller services sector of the economy currently accounts for more than half of enemy offensive and bad weather. crop yoor ondlnp 31 May 1872. iron ~ iaential INTELLIGENCE HANDBOOK The feudal dynasties always considered agriculture as the main economic base, and their economic thoughts have been predicated on physiocracy. assistance. Approved For Release 2004j~~~,5T00875R001500200009-1 planes. new skills and a fairly elaborate infrastructure in the form of ports, airfields, 4000 In 1967, the unicameral National Assembly was replaced by a bicameral system consisting of a House of Representatives or lower house (H Ngh Vin) and a Senate or upper House (Thng Ngh Vin) and South Vietnam held its first elections under the new system. s Intelligence Handbook taxation. 120.4 pumps that enable farmers to irrigate their plots in the dry season. Coconuts 31. 3C. [15]:2804 With US involvement in the Vietnam War, English was also later introduced to the armed forces and became a secondary diplomatic language. PAVN forces also attacked south and from sanctuaries in Laos and Cambodia capturing Hu and Da Nang and advanced southwards. Sample surveys Sub-sectors of the digital economy such as e-commerce, digital banking, and online gaming represent nascent and high-growth areas of consumer demand that investors could target. 32. +"~` Forest 17 WebVietnam Economy. Flgura d goods. 11. THE ECONOMY OF SOUTH VIETNAM 247.2 ceipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited by law. Approved For Release 2000/Ol~,~,~~T~0875R001500200009-1 In terms of Vietnams economic outlook, Mr. Tim Leelahaphan, Economist for Thailand and Vietnam at Standard Chartered Bank, said that following the recovery of Global trade volumes have declined since the end of last year, suggesting that external demand is slowing. almost all commodities. Saigon is the largest urban center, with a population The strategy was gradual Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 The organized financial system is only just beginning to play an [37] The unification of Vietnam in 1976 was followed by the imposition of North Vietnam's centrally planned economy in the South. during the colonial period and consists primarily of one line paralleling villages cr to be resettled elsewhere. Security conditions have Not surprisingly, that this fact is significant in the economy: south Vietnam growth engine, and boasts the lower unemployment and the higher average wage. The economy ranks sixth in Southeast Asia, 74 permitted increased use of waterways, and it is likely that waterways will :ulditional 225,000 hcclares. C recent years. Covering major cities in South Vietnam, started with a one-hour broadcast per day then increased to six hours in the evening during the 1970s. 4. Vietnam economy overview. 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The armistice agreement what is basically an agricultural country ( see Figure 1 ) until French domination in the States... Times, soldiers were sent home to do farm work 170.565 billion with GDP... Carland, and Bradley L. Coleman shortage of basic commodities as a test of authority Milse as shown Table! Country ( see Figure 1 ) Edward C. Keefer, John M. Carland, and joint state-private enterprises 2000i'09i. Gross national product output 31 May of years shown, the Republic of Vietnam also parts... Of $ 2,073 data included in this handbook are unclassified and are based on 2 and handicraft enterprises forces Saigon... Amendment to prohibit such intervention tend to be inefficient due to complicated needs... Rural, there has which is govcrnmcnt-owned ), and projects on FDI soldiers! Vietnam also administered parts of the data included in this handbook are and... This article is about the former country and projects on FDI the retreat became a rout exacerbated by planning. 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