Because test takers have the right to have the results of tests kept confidential to the extent allowed by law, testing professionals should: Ensure that records of test results (in paper or electronic form) are safeguarded and maintained so that only individuals who have a legitimate right to access them will be able to do so. Should not compromise the integrity of the test and its interpretation in any manner. ____ tests are designed to predict a tendency toward theft or other forms of counterproductive behaviors in work settings, such as absenteeism. Based on what you know about Vicki's personality you predict that she. In such situations, the professionals involved in the testing should clarify, for the test taker as well as for themselves, who is responsible for each aspect of the testing process. Its orientation is to encourage positive and high quality interactions between testing professionals and test takers. 0000005970 00000 n an atypical behavior that was emotionally evocative. What is the difference between pool-level and loan-level analysis? A. loads highly on its primary factor However, this common practice may limit ________. Webof the studies conducted on psychological instruments, includ-ing projective techniques, researchers begin with known groups (e.g., individuals with versus without a history of Find new criterion groups Because test takers have the right to present concerns about the testing process and to receive information about procedures that will be used to address such concerns, testing professionals should: Inform test takers how they can question the results of the testing if they do not believe that the test was administered properly or scored correctly, or other such concerns. ), unless such information might be detrimental to the objectives of the test. the extremely strong effects of the immediate situation. 0000003140 00000 n Testing professionals should inform test takers that it is their responsibility to notify appropriate persons, as specified by the testing organization, if they do not understand their results, or if they believe that testing conditions affected the results. A researcher wants to conduct a significance test for the correlation between extraversion and happiness. Assume that interest is calculated on the average daily balance of the account. Inform the test taker, if that test taker's test results are canceled or not released for normal use, why that action was taken. National Council on Measurement in Education. 0000006807 00000 n Trait psychology is sometimes also called _____ psychology. Because test takers have a right to receive a written or oral explanation of their test results within a reasonable amount of time after testing and in commonly understood terms, testing professionals should: Interpret test results in light of one or more additional considerations (e.g., disability, language proficiency), if those considerations are relevant to the purposes of the test and performance on the test, and are in accordance with current laws. Testing professionals should inform test takers about the consequences of not taking a test, should they choose not to take the test. If a test consists of a list of True/False questions and is graded using a computer-scored answer sheet, then it is a(n) ________. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . Which of the following statements best describes a social desirability response set? Inform appropriate person(s), as specified to you by the organization responsible for testing, if you believe that testing conditions affected your results. C. discriminates between two known groups WebThe most widely used intelligence tests include the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler scales. What kinds of behaviors by an acquaintance would most likely be re-membered? Which of the following values would automatically tell the researcher that he or she made a mistake? A. D. Lock owned Lock Hospitality, Inc., which in turn owned the Best Western Motel in Conway, Arkansas. Joe Terry and David Stocks were preparing the motel for renovation. 112,2008,000\begin{matrix} Which of the following is true about predicting future behaviors? https://quizlet.com/432284310/personality-psych-ch-3-quiz-flash-cards Nevertheless, projective tests remain in use. 0000001028 00000 n WebWhen evaluated as psychometric instruments, the large majority make a poor showing. They often are called Likert scales after their developer, Rensis Likert (1932) (Figure 11.16). American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Do not fare very well c. Have validity but little reliability d. Have generalizability but little validity D. Involve stimuli with no clear Upon request, the test taker should be given information about how long such test scores are typically kept on file and remain available. Generally she is a very friendly, outgoing, and sociable person. Provide test takers, if requested, with information about any preventative measures that have been instituted to safeguard the accuracy of test scores. Webpsychological testing, also called psychometrics, the systematic use of tests to quantify psychophysical behaviour, abilities, and problems and to make predictions about psychological performance. Mischel thought that _____ were most important in determining behavior. WebWhen evaluated as psychometric instruments, most projective tests. The investigation should use all available information that addresses the reason(s) for the investigation, and the test taker should also be informed of the information that he/she may need to provide to assist with the investigation. 0000008516 00000 n WebProjective tests Rorschach test The stimuli ( e.g., inkblots) in a projective test are intentionally made ambiguous and open to different interpretations in the expectation that each subject will project his own unique (idiosyncratic) reactions in his answers. believe vague generalities about one's own personality. WebAbstract. (1995). Testing professionals need to inform test takers that they should listen to and/or read their rights and responsibilities as a test taker and ask questions about issues they do not understand. then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, What makes someone a bad or dangerous police officer? 0000005992 00000 n Because test takers have the right to be informed about why they are being asked to take particular tests, if a test is optional, and what the consequences are should they choose not to complete the test, testing professionals should: Normally only engage in testing activities with test takers after the test takers have provided their informed consent to take a test, except when testing without consent has been mandated by law or governmental regulation, or when consent is implied by an action the test takers have already taken (e.g., such as when applying for employment and a personnel examination is mandated). -attitudes toward political leaders Mischel stated that correlations between personality traits and behavior were, almost always about .30 or slightly higher. Test Taker Rights and Responsibilities Working Group of the Joint Committee on Testing Practices August, 1998. The best sort of personality change ________. WebThree categories of psychological tests are then known: (1) projective tests, (2) self-report and objective tests and (3) objective tests with direct observation. Because test takers have the right to be tested with measures that meet professional standards that are appropriate for the test use and the test taker, given the manner in which the results will be used, testing professionals should: Take steps to utilize measures that meet professional standards and are reliable, relevant, useful given the intended purpose and are fair for test takers from varying societal groups. WebThese include such assessments as the interview, rating scales, self-reports, personality inventories, projective techniques, and behavioral observation. Do as well as objective tests like the CPI and MMPI B. The original MMPI was based on a small, limited sample, composed mostly of Minnesota farmers and psychiatric patients; the revised inventory was based on a more representative, national sample to allow for better standardization. B. The concept of aggregation suggests that traits are, Vince is watching his school's team play in the championship basketball game. %PDF-1.3 % According to Dan McAdams, the narrative theme of "agency" organizes the life story around ________. b. WebRecent research using the Implicit Associations Test (IAT) to study shyness indicates that. The ____ approach deals centrally with the ways in which individuals differ from one another. Present concerns about the testing process or your results and receive information about procedures that will be used to address such concerns. She would most likely obtain ________ data. Explain to test takers why they should consider taking voluntary tests. The intent of this statement is to enumerate and clarify the expectations that test takers may reasonably have about the testing process, and the expectations that those who develop, administer, and use tests may have of test takers. WebProjective tests are relatively inefficient and expensive to administer. These true/false questions resemble the kinds of questions you would find on the MMPI. One objection to the use of vocational interest tests is that these tests ________, may discourage women or minority group members from joining certain fields, The California Psychological Inventory (CPI) was designed to ________, Inventories derived from the empirical method sometimes have items that seem strange or even objectionable to test takers ________, because those items correlated with outcomes of interest to the test developers, When evaluated as psychometric instruments, most projective tests ________, A test created using the empirical method yields what kind of data, Personality assessment would be relevant to which of the following constructs? 0000003381 00000 n Research regarding the person-situation debate indicates that ________ are relevant to how people will act under specific circumstances and that ________ are better for describing how people act in general. These incomplete sentences resemble the types of questions on the RISB. avoid the acquiescence response-set bias. D. assess individuals with psychological disorders, Psychologists counteract ____ by intentionally reverse-scoring some of the questionnaire items. Testing professionals should inform test takers about the documentation needed to receive a requested testing accommodation. According to recent evidence, results from longitudinal studies and cross-sectional studies about personality traits are ________. These materials should be clearly described in test registration and/or test familiarization materials. Allen has just begun his first professional job. If a test consists of a list of True/False questions and is graded using a computer-scored answer sheet, then it is a(n) ________. FICA Social Security taxes are 6.2% of the first $118,500 paid to its employee, and FICA Medicare taxes are 1.45% of gross pay. B. acquiescence The death of a pet triggers strong emotion in virtually everyone who experiences it and is therefore an example of ____. One behavioral response does not fit all people in every situation, Trait psychologists are most interested in. See that test takers are provided with reasonable access to testing services. A second projective test is the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), created in the 1930s by Henry Murray, an American psychologist, and a psychoanalyst named Christiana Morgan. Ask questions prior to testing if you are uncertain about why the test is being given, how it will be given, what you will be asked to do, and what will be done with the results. tell stories about pictures that the psychologist shows them. D. Big Seven Inventories, Dr. Akita is designing a test to measure sociability. Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with conscientiousness? B. Testing professionals include developers of assessment products and services, those who market and sell them, persons who select them, test administrators and scorers, those who interpret test results, and trained users of the information. 0000001814 00000 n Ask about the confidentiality of your test results, if this aspect concerns you. Provide, upon request, information to test takers about their options for obtaining a second interpretation of their results. a common obligation to try to understand the whole person, Roots of personality psychology can be traced to the theater because. Know if a test is optional and learn of the consequences of taking or not taking the test, fully completing the test, or canceling the scores. This test is similar to a word association test, and like other types of projective tests, it is presumed that responses will reveal desires, fears, and struggles. Behave honestly (e.g., not cheating or assisting others who cheat). and you must attribute OpenStax. ), GrossPaythroughAugustGrossPayforSeptembera.$6,400$800b.18,2002,100c. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Roberto, Mikhail, and Nat are college friends and all want to be police officers. What is the best approach to test construction? On tests scored using professional judgment (e.g., essay tests or projective techniques), a general description of the scoring procedures might be provided except when such information is proprietary or would tend to influence test performance inappropriately. trailer << /Size 285 /Info 255 0 R /Encrypt 258 0 R /Root 257 0 R /Prev 282709 /ID[<99e61e55048beba05431a0072b1a76af><99e61e55048beba05431a0072b1a76af>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 257 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 251 0 R /PageMode /UseThumbs >> endobj 258 0 obj << /Filter /Standard /V 1 /R 2 /O ( UV.`Dz-#_m_}g) /U (\(i ;]nc1rM) /P -28 >> endobj 283 0 obj << /S 601 /T 686 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 284 0 R >> stream In survey of Board Certified Clinical Neuropsychologists (ABPP/CN), Sweet et al. C. social desirability Correct any errors as rapidly as possible if there are errors in the process of developing scores. B. would be very informative about personality An important difference between projective techniques and self-report measures is the much greater reliance of the self-report measures on, the willingness of the examinee to disclose personal information overtly. WebPersonality testing is often used for this purposeto screen applicants for employment and job training. D. Empirical, Chapter 6: Traits and Types: The Big Five and. Be treated with courtesy, respect, and impartiality, regardless of your age, disability, ethnicity, gender, national origin, religion, sexual orientation or other personal characteristics. d. Have generalizability but little validity, All projective tests ________. When evaluated as psychometric instruments, most projective tests ________. You gather a set of 100 potential test items and ask a sample of people diagnosed with clinical depression and a sample of nondepressed people to respond to the items. Washington, DC: Author. 0000001836 00000 n Protectionof rights of people receiving audiology or speech-language pathology services. 0000002200 00000 n The Rorschach Inkblot Test, the TAT, the RISB, and the C-TCB are all forms of projective tests. When gathering data or clues about personality, the best policy is to ________. Which of the following is an example of a projective test? A. Rorschach 0000005093 00000 n B. do not fare very well B. However, it was found that test bias limited their usefulness (Hoy-Watkins & Jenkins-Moore, 2008). What is one of personality psychology's biggest advantages over other areas of psychology? ASHA (36), 60-63. to magnify or maintain existing behavioral tendencies. She writes items that seem di-rectly and obviously related to sociability, such as "I like to go to parties" and "I enjoy the company of other people." A behavioroid measure is a combination of which two types of data? What does "pigeonholing" someone mean? WebYou gather a set of 100 potential test items and ask a sample of people diagnosed with clinical depression and a sample of nondepressed people to respond to the items. b. What kind of error has this re-searcher made? The processes by which people respond to, seek out, and create environments that are compatible with their personalities are called ________. The judgments other people make of your personality may affect ________. B. Eysenck failed to include some important personality traits in his model. Keep confidential any requests for testing accommodations and the documentation supporting the request. B. assess Jung's psychological types A major disadvantage of L data is ________. However, when her dad flattens one ball into a pancake shape, Lynn is confident that the pancake has more clay than the ball. B. extreme responding Maldives Company has current sales of $6,610,000 and a 45% contribution margin. The TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test is another tool designed to be culturally relevant to minority groups, especially Hispanic youths. Under the matching principle, when are expenses recorded? There is also an increased likelihood of test takers being inclined to answer in ways that are intentionally or unintentionally more socially desirable, exaggerated, biased, or misleading. Which of the following psychologists is often credited with starting the person-situation debate? 256 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 259 /H [ 1169 667 ] /L 287959 /E 10384 /N 40 /T 282720 >> endobj xref 256 29 0000000016 00000 n Which design is best suited for addressing the third-variable problem? What is a well-known issue with cross-sectional methodology? Standards for educational and psychological testing. Eysenck's taxonomy has been criticized on which one of these issues? The Stanford-Binet is the American adaptation of the original French Binet-Simon intelligence test; it was first introduced in 1916 by Lewis Terman, a psychologist at Stanford University. D. Rational, When evaluated as psychometric instruments, most projective tests ________. & \text{\$ 6,400} & \text{\$ 800}\\ D. objective test, When evaluated as psychometric instruments, most projective tests ________. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) yields what kind of data? Dr. Akita is designing a test to measure sociability. When doing research, personality psychologists most often focus on ____. Inform test takers prior to testing about any anticipated fee for the testing process, as well as the fees associated with each component of the process, if the components can be separated. A bias to pick responses that the respondent believes are expected by society. measuring and conceptualizing individual differences. The task of an employer who attempts to identify dependable, conscientious, and hard-working job applicants is similar to the task of the ________ psychologist, who at-tempts to identify and assess individual differences. 0000008494 00000 n Provide corrected test scores to test takers as rapidly as possible, should an error occur in the processing or reporting of scores. tured (objective) personality tests, projective techniques typically present respondents with an ambiguous stimulus, such as an inkblot, and ask them to disambiguate this stimulus. containing too many independent areas of investigation. Dr. Atika is designing a test to measure sociability. Personality testing is often used for this purposeto screen applicants for employment and job training. What qualities and personality factors make someone a good police officer? Have your test results kept confidential to the extent allowed by law. 0000000949 00000 n One of the most common self-report inventories is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Persons who engage in each of these activities have significant responsibilities that are described elsewhere, in documents such as those that follow (American Association for Counseling and Development, 1988; American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 1994; Joint Committee on Testing Practices, 1988; National Association of School Psychologists, 1992; National Council on Measurement in Education, 1995). This document is intended as an effort to inspire improvements in the testing process and does not have the force of law. A. social desirability D. acquiescence, The primary criterion for item selection in the empirical method of test construction is determining whether the item ________. Yet their popularity in clinical use continues unabat-ed (p. 564). In which personality test are participants asked to make up a story about the pictures presented to them? For your final version of the test, you decide to keep only the 15 items that the depressed and nondepressed groups answered differently. Funder notes that the person who is most talkative at a party is also likely to be the most talkative at the department of motor vehicles (DMV). Provide reasonable information regarding their qualifications, upon request. These studies demonstrated ________. When test takers are young children (e.g., those taking standardized tests in the schools) or are persons who spend some or all their time in institutions or are incapacitated, parents or guardians may be granted some of the rights and responsibilities, rather than, or in addition to, the individual. Tell test takers, prior to testing, about the planned use(s) of the test results. A. Inform the test taker, if the testing situation requires that test takers bring materials (e.g., personal identification, pencils, calculators, etc.) A. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. The purpose of the statement is to inform and to help educate not only test takers, but also others involved in the testing enterprise so that measurements may be most validly and appropriately used. For example, if someone responds yes to a number of unrealistically positive items such as I have never told a lie, they may be trying to fake good or appear better than they actually are. 0000002070 00000 n Involve the construction of stories and narratives For your final version of the test, you decide to keep only the 15 items that the depressed and nondepressed groups answered differently. D. calculate correlation coefficients between all item pairs, Personality assessment would be relevant to which of the following constructs? You may need to ask questions to learn these consequences. You should inform an examiner in advance of testing if you wish to receive a testing accommodation or if you have a physical condition or illness that may interfere with your performance on the test. The intentional use of certain tactics to coerce, influence, or change others is known as ____. Rational the possibility that differences in childhood social environment is determining differ-ences between age groups. Testing professionals should inform test takers that it is their responsibility to inform an examiner if they have difficulty comprehending the language in which the test is given. He works hard, but is impulsive and drinks too much on the weekends. Testing professionals should: Provide information to test takers, upon request, about appropriate procedures for questioning or canceling their test scores or results, if relevant to the purposes of testing. How would you complete these sentences? A. High-fidelity inventories Receive a written or oral explanation of your test results within a reasonable amount of time after testing and in commonly understood terms. Choose from: a. sensorimotor; b. preoperational; c. concrete operational; d. formal operational. D. operational definition, The tendency to answer items in such as way as to come across as generally attractive or likable refers to the response set of ____. Perhaps the most fundamental right test takers have is to be able to take tests that meet high professional standards, such as those described in Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education, 1999) as well as those of other appropriate professional associations. A combination of factor analytic and empirical methods 0000001028 00000 n episodes of challenging oneself and then accomplishing one's goals. The major difference between the experimental and correlational meth-ods is that in the experimental method the presumed causal variable is ________, whereas in the correlational method the same variable is ________. 0000009545 00000 n Projective tests are relatively inefficient and expensive to administer. He is a kind person, but lacks motivation. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, c. Have validity but little reliability identify groups of test items that seem to be alike. 0 The trait approach focuses exclusively on ________. Name the factors People in one group may have certain personality features in common, and these common features make that group of people distinct from other groups. Upon presentation of each card, the psychologist asks the client, What might this be? What the test-taker sees reveals unconscious feelings and struggles (Piotrowski, 1987; Weiner, 2003). the willingness of the examinee to You always show up to work on time, and your colleagues say that you are dependable and conscientious. Take reasonable actions to safeguard against fraudulent actions (e.g., cheating) that could place honest test takers at a disadvantage. Provide test takers, upon request, with general information about the appropriateness of the test for its intended purpose, to the extent that such information does not involve the release of proprietary information. According to a new theoretical model for personality change, if individuals ________, the trait change will follow. The number between -1 and +1 that indexes the linear association between any two variables is called ________. Because test takers have the right to have their tests administered and interpreted by appropriately trained individuals, testing professionals should: Know how to select the appropriate test for the intended purposes. 256 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 259 /H [ 1169 667 ] /L 287959 /E 10384 /N 40 /T 282720 >> endobj xref 256 29 0000000016 00000 n ( 2000) reported that 67% used projective tests at least occasionally in 1989, which declined to 56% by 1999. Should not interfere with the rights of others involved in the testing process. In simple language, questions about reliability concern ________, whereas questions about validity concern ________. The daily profit for a product is given by P=32x0.01x21000P=32 x-0.01 x^2-1000P=32x0.01x21000, where x is the number of units produced and sold. It is a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist. A person who feels very good after receiving a compliment, but very bad after being insulted, would sore high on measures of. If test takers have questions regarding these consequences, it is their responsibility to ask questions of the testing professional, and the testing professional should so inform the test takers. a. Dr. Akita is using the ________ method of test construction. American Psychological Association. A. For BMX, its FUTA taxes are 0.6% and SUTA taxes are 2.9% of the first$7,000 paid to its employee. Personality tests are also used in criminal cases and custody battles, and to assess psychological disorders. If everybody read, interpreted, and answered an item in exactly the same way, then that item ________. Which of the following is NOT part of the psychological triad? Industrial Psychology: Selecting and Evaluating Employees, Organizational Psychology: The Social Dimension of Work, Human Factors Psychology and Workplace Design, Diagnosing and Classifying Psychological Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, Mental Health Treatment: Past and Present, Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: A Special Case, The Sociocultural Model and Therapy Utilization.
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