William Jennings Bryan was born in Salem, Illinois, on March 19, 1860. His daughter Elizabeth, a schoolteacher, rose to national attention in 1854 when she boarded a whites-only horse-drawn streetcar in New York and refused to get off, hanging on to the window frame when the conductor tried to toss her out. The patent is one of the so-called X-patents, a group of 10,000 or so patents issued by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office between its creation in 1790 and 1836, when a fire began in Washingtons Blodget's Hotel, where the patents were being temporarily stored while a new facility was being built. Fingerprints are impressions made by the ridges on the ends of the fingers and thumbs. development at IBM in three stages: the technical achievement with "Jeopardy!," the years of. 1. Died: 1859 See also: Norbert Rillieux The post WTF Fun Fact - Thomas Jennings appeared first on WTF Facts. A quick look with some important facts of our 3rd President, Thomas Jefferson. Elizabeth Jennings filed a lawsuit in the Brooklyn Court against the driver, the conductor, and the Third Avenue Railroad Company. She resisted. Under New York's gradual abolition law of 1799, she was converted to an indentured servant and was not eligible for full emancipation . Her first pamphlet, Poems, appeared in 1953, followed by A Way of Looking (1955), which won her a Somerset Maugham Award and enabled her to visit Italy. After the incident, Jennings organized a movement against racial segregation in public transit in the city; the services were provided by private companies. This page was last modified on 30 January 2023, at 02:25. At least two slave owners applied for patents for their slaves inventions, but were denied because no one could take the patent oaththe enslaved inventor was not eligible to hold a patent, and the owner was not the inventor. On September 19, 1910, Thomas Jennings, who had just gotten out of jail six weeks earlier, entered the Chicago home of Clarence Hiller, intent on robbing the place. Thomas L. Jennings was born on January 1, 1791 to a free African-American family in New York City. He used the proceeds from his invention to buy his wife and children out of slavery. Well, we characterize her as the first Rosa Parks, says Calvin Butts,pastor at the legendary Abyssinian Baptist Church, where both Thomas Jennings and his daughter were members. From the solar system to the world economy to educational games, Fact Monster has the info kids are seeking. Since a young age she expressed to her parents that she was a girl. Our site is COPPA and kidSAFE-certified, so you can rest assured it's a safe place for kids to grow and explore. Read more, Meet the people who worked to change the system from the inside. He later married a woman named Elizabeth, who was born a slave in Delaware, 1798 and died March 5, 1873. Plumbing History Fun Fact #5: The Truth About Thomas Crapper If you have not heard of Thomas Crapper, he was a successful plumber and sanitation engineer. While this would have provided a boon to his business through increased sales, Jennings also hated to see the items, which he worked so hard to create, thrown away. Don't miss a single page. For just $5/month, you can help sustain Marketplace so we can keep reporting on the things that matter to you. And, people of color, black people, were seen to be genetically inferior, says Rayvon Fouch, director of the American studies program at Purdue University. She Doesn't Miss a Beat. She got on the first one that came, and, after a struggle, was forcefully removed because she was black. Inspired by frequent requests for cleaning advice, he began researching cleaning solutions. However, in 1857, an enslaver named Oscar Stuart patented a "double cotton scraper" that was invented by one of the enslaved people forced to work for him. He was a free black who operated a dry-cleaning business in New York City New York and was the first African American to be granted a patent. Garth Jennings is an English film producer, screenwriter, film director, and actor. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Christianity is the most popular religion, making up 72 percent of the population. Edmund Jennings Randolph succeeded Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State on January 2, 1794.Like Jefferson, Randolph resigned from office. Now, getting a patent wasnt so easy for anyone in the 1800s. Introduction. Furthermore, the court said that the slave owner, not being the true inventor could not apply for a patent either. The jury awarded damages in the amount of $225.00, and $22.50 in costs. What are some interesting facts about Thomas Jennings? Father of Mary (Jennings) Batte. He has the distinction of being the first African-American patent -holder in history; he was granted the patent in 1821 for his novel method of dry cleaning. But for the great majority of black people in America before the Civil War, patents were unobtainable, as an enslaved persons inventions legally belonged to his or her master. Invention requires a rare set of talents, lets call them creativity, intelligence, and resilience, Moser says. Thomas L. Jennings was the first black man to receive a patent. Top 10 Things Food Safety Experts Would Never, Eve Something From Distant Galaxy Is Sending Signals t WTF Fun Fact Egypt Carrying the Light to Asia. At age 10, he accompanied the Madisons to Washington after James was elected president. Indiana is the 17th most populous state in the US, with 6,785,528 (2020 Census). To this day, theres a so-called patent gap between whites and minorities. Jenningss work even caught the attention of Frederick Douglass, the abolitionist hero. Thomas L. Jennings (January 1, 1791 - February 13, 1856) was an African-American inventor, tradesman, entrepreneur, and abolitionist in New York City, New York. WTF Fun Facts Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_L._Jennings, Its hasnt been fixedthat photo is Garett Morgan. Thomas Jefferson really liked books. After that, most of his income went to his abolitionist activities. Some made money without patents. After his daughter, Elizabeth Jennings, was forcibly removed from a "whites only" New York City streetcar in 1854, he organized a movement against racial segregation in public transit in the city. As of 2004, about 2,800 of the X-patents have been recovered. Thomas Jennings earned a large amount of money as a tailor and even more with his dry scouring invention and most of the money he earned went to his abolitionist activities. He started his career as a tailor and eventually opened one of New Yorks leading clothing shops. Jazz Jennings is an activist for LGBTQ rights, a YouTuber and television personality. In 1821, an African American business owner named Thomas Jennings invented the dry cleaning process and was one of the first African Americans to be granted a patent. In 1933, Eleanor Roosevelt and Amelia Earhart ditched a fancy dinner in Washington, D.C., and hopped into an Eastern Air Transport Curtis Condor for a quick trip to Baltimore and back, according to The Baltimore Sun. Jennings showed a talent for music from a very young age. He says children who saw it were amazed. The first money Thomas Jennings earned from his patent was spent on the legal fees necessary to liberate his family out of slavery and support the abolitionist cause. The conductor ordered her to get off. The current picture is also not of Thomas Jennings, it is of Garett Morgan, inventor of the gas mask/smoke hood and some hair care products who was born more than 20 years after Jennings died. Jennings received a patent for a process known as dry scouring (an early form of dry cleaning) that safely cleaned fragile fabric. In the year 1821, he became granted the patent for "dry scouring.". Thomas Jefferson married Martha Wayles on January 1st, 1772. Jennings' skills were so admired that people near and far came to him to alter or custom tailor items of clothing for them. In the animated series, Thomas' top speed is estimated to be between 30 and 40 miles per hour. Thomas Jennings (1791Feb. He began playing the guitar when he was eight years old after his mother taught him to play "Thirty Pieces of Silver." By the time he was 12 years old, he was performing on the local radio station. His patent was for a dry-cleaning process called dry scouring. 20072023 Blackpast.org. ThoughtCo, Feb. 16, 2021, thoughtco.com/thomas-jennings-inventor-1991311. However, because of the material used to make the garments, conventional methods at the time were ineffective in cleaning them. Thomas Jennings was born in 1791 and worked in a number of jobs before focusing on what would become his chosen career as a tailor. Thomas Jennings died in New York City in 1856. 1. In 1821, Thomas Jennings patented a method for removing dirt and grease from clothing that would lead to todays dry cleaning. Profile managers : Donnie Blackstone [ send private . The couple's only son, he spent his early years in. While most African Americans were part of the hardworking labor forces in agriculture and industry, a small percentage were hard at work creating inventions that helped transform America. Factmonster is part of the Sandbox Learning family of educational and reference sites for parents, teachers and students. Born Jan. 1, 1791 - Died Feb. 11, 1859 Thomas Jennings invented a process he called "dry-scouring," receiving a patent in 1821 and becoming the first African American to be granted a patent. Her case was decided in her favor in 1855, and it led to the eventual desegregation of all New York City transit . Reverend Butts often tells her story to his congregation. Quite a crowd gathered, but she effectually resisted. All Rights Reserved. Sluby writes that Jennings was so proud of his patent letter, which was signed by Secretary of Stateand later presidentJohn Quincy Adams, he hung it in a gilded frame over his bed. Jennings was a passionate abolitionist who used the income from his invention to free the rest of his family from slavery and fund abolitionist causes. Thomas L. Jennings was born on January 01, 1791 (died on January 01, 1856, he was 65 years old) in . Jennings is not one of them. Where else can you see polar bears, bald eagles, blue and humpbacked whales, gray wolves, grizzly bears, orcas, lynx, moose, and hundreds of other rare and endangered species in their original and undisturbed natural habitats? Jennings was born free in New York City, New York in 1791. Discover m. Jennings was a free Black man born circa 1790 and lived and worked in New York City as a tailor. Paul Jennings AM (born 1943), is an English-born Australian children's book writer. Thomas Jennings died in New York City in 1856. The patent, which was issued in 1821, was for a dry-cleaning process. Read more, These men and women risked and sometimes lost their life to fight for the cause. Thomas L. Jennings was the first African-American man who was awarded a patent in the United States of America. Facts About William Jennings Bryan's Political Career. As he got older and wealthier, he supported anti-slavery movements and organizations. Jefferson needed the cash to pay off debts, but he started buying more books. Jennings received an Honorary Doctorate of Divinity from Durham University shortly before her death. The patent was awarded on March 3, 1821 (US Patent 3306x) for his discovery of a process called dry-scouring which was the forerunner of today's modern dry-cleaning. Thomas L. Jennings Dry Scouring technique created modern day dry cleaning. After the fire, the Patent Office (as it was called then) began numbering patents. He says that when Jennings became an adult, he started his own tailoring business, and saw a market opportunity for a better way to clean clothes. Read more, Read about the great African Americans who fought in wars. He was 65 years old when he died. Thomas Jennings: African American Inventor Home History Civil Rights Politicians Artists Scientists War Heroes Athletes 256 Google Plus 236 Privacy Disclaimer 58 Advertise with us 72 Contact Us Sitemap Don't miss a single page. People also recognize him as the Renaissance humanist, social philosopher, statesman, and author. The wildlife of Florida is rich and varied, yet most of us are familiar with only a dozen or so species: the "well known endangered species such as manatees and panthers; those, like raccoons and squirrels, that have adapted to urban environments; the frightening alligators and black bears; and those like the armadillo who can't seem to cross the road. Before the fire, patents werent numbered, just catalogued by their name and issue date. Login to BlackFacts.com using your favorite Social Media Login. Later, in 1858, the patent office changed the laws, stating that since slaves were not citizens, they could not hold a patent. Jennings' skills were so admired that people near and far came to him to alter or custom-tailor items of clothing for them. Jennings was born free in New York City, New York in 1791. He was a very good entrepreneur and businessman, says Sluby. He tested them on various fabrics until he found the right combination to treat and clean them. Matilda Jennings was a dressmaker and wife of James A. Thompson, a Mason. Here are some facts you should know about the pioneering reporter. Zimbabwe President Mnangagwa discusses exhuming victims of 1980s massacre | News24, Permanent secretary sets out details of Ocho Rios land acquisition, Rwanda: Israeli Embassy Extends Support to Muslim Community in Rwanda, I Was Just Thinking: Mamie Till Still Speaks for Black Mothers, South Africa: Collins Khosa - Right to Human Dignity Cannot Be Compromised and Limited During Lockdown, Court Rules, Bottlenecks stiffle Parly private members Bills, Watch: The Clark Sisters Release Music Video For Give It To Him, Egypt: Sisi Gives Green Light to Petroleum Minister to Amend Oil Exploration Agreement. Advertising Notice Some black inventors hid their race to avoid discrimination, even though the language of patent law was officially color-blind. He founded and was a trustee of the Abyssinian Baptist Church, a pillar in the Harlem African-American community. 'A Way of Looking'was published in 1955 and won the Somerset Maugham award. Jenningss business and patent brought him success. The 6 Different Forms Of Love, WTF Fun Fact Walt Disney Worlds Singing Runway. Jennings later went on to become a DJ at that same station. Yet they are just a few of the many animal species found in Florida. Hemings and Jefferson had a longstanding romantic relationship, and had at least one and . William Jennings Bryan Was the Youngest Major Party Candidate for President Ever. Indianapolis and Evansville are two of the major cities in Indiana. Jennings' skills along with a patent granted by the state of New York on March 3 1821 for a dry-cleaning process called dry scouring enabled him to build his business. "Biography of Thomas Jennings, First African American Patent Holder." Jennings began experimenting with different solutions and cleaning agents. It freed slave children born after July 4, 1799, but only after they had served apprenticeships of twenty-eight years for men and twenty-five for women (far longer than traditional apprenticeships, designed to teach a young person a craft), thus compensating owners for the future loss of their property. Elizabeth Jennings Graham (March 1830 - June 5, 1901) was an African-American teacher and civil rights figure.. Your Privacy Rights At that time, patenting was seen to be a God-given ability. Visit my RedBubble page and use Michael Arnold Art to create greeting cards, T-shirts, mugs, and more. Read more. By Tabitha Britt. Born on August 3, 1900, in Paducah, Kentucky, Scopes was the youngest of five children born to railroad worker Thomas Scopes and his wife, Mary. View this answer . He died in New York City, New York. 167 years ago. He was mostly known as Saint Thomas More. The patent was awarded on March 3, 1821 (US Patent 3306x) for his discovery of a process called dry-scouring which was the forerunner of today's modern dry-cleaning. His books mainly feature short stories that lead the reader through an unusual series of events that end with a twist. Click on the links below for detailed information and photos on African American scientists and inventors who rose to the top of their field, Original acrylic paintings by Michael Arnold, photographs and information on all dog breeds. Theres a lot happening in the world. Your donation is fully tax-deductible. Thomas Jennings was born in 1791 and worked in a number of jobs before focusing on what would become his chosen career as a tailor. Eventually, with the aid of a police officer, Miss Jennings was ejected from the streetcar. While there were, apparently, provisions through which a slave could enjoy patent protection, the ability of a slave to. Being a member of the Democratic Party, he was known for his knack for delivering speeches. Under the United States patent laws of 1793 a person must sign an oath or declaration stating that they were a citizen of the United States. Create your account. Here are 10 interesting facts about Jefferson's pursuit of knowledge: 1. The white infringer would have been believed. He helped arrange her legal defense, which included the young future President Chester Arthur, and won her case in 1855. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_L._Jennings, WTF Fun Fact Half The Penicillin In The USA, WTF Fun Fact Trash Cleanup Brings Olive Ridley Hatchlings, what to do before a sleepless workweek wtf fun, the pirates museum in st augustine wtf fun. Any copies of the burned patents that were obtained from the inventors were given a number as well, ending in X to mark them as part of the destroyed batch. Bellis, Mary. His all-time winnings are $4,938,436 and Jennings' are $4,370,700. Stuart's reasoning for his action was that "the master is the owner of the fruits of the labor of the slave both manual and intellectual.". The next time you pick up your clothes at the dry cleaner, send a thank you to the memory of Thomas Jennings. A small donation would help us keep this available to all. Read more, Thin jazz, think art, think of great actors and find them here. Jennings and his wife had three children: Matilda Jennings (b. EIN: 41-0953924, He is the earliest that we have recorded, says Pat Sluby, a retired U.S. patent examiner and the author of , . Born about 1615 [location unknown] Son of [father unknown] and [mother unknown] Husband of Hannah (Grendon) Archer married 28 Mar 1648 in St Bartholomew the Less, City of London, England. For some travelers, Alaska is wilderness, at least compared to what they may know from back home. Thomas Jennings earned a large amount of money as a tailor and with his dry scouring invention made even more. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Song for a Birth or a Death (1961) marked a new development, with its confessional tone and more savage view of love. There was a fire station next door to the facility, but it was winter and the firefighters leather hoses had cracked in the cold. 10 Important Black Inventors in U.S. History, Famous Black Inventors of the 19th- and Early 20th-Centuries, Biography of John Stanard, Inventor of a Better Refrigerator, Biography of Nathaniel Alexander, Inventor of a Folding Chair, Biography of Garrett Morgan, Inventor of the Gas Mask, Biography of Elijah McCoy, American Inventor, Notable African American Patent Holders With Surnames of O, P, Q, R, Biography of Patricia Bath, American Doctor and Inventor, Biography of Eli Whitney, Inventor of the Cotton Gin, Biography of Lewis Latimer, Noted Black Inventor, Elias Howe: Inventor of the Lock Stitch Sewing Machine, Black History Month - African American Patent Holders - B. Garth Jennings was born on March 4, 1972. March 1827 d. June 5, 1901), and James E. Jennings (b. However, Jennings was born free, so he could get a patent. He is the earliest that we have recorded, says Pat Sluby, a retired U.S. patent examiner and the author of The Inventive Spirit of African Americans. Thomas L. Jennings was the first black man to receive a patent. WTF Fun Fact - Thomas Jennings February 11, 2020 In 1821, an African American business owner named Thomas Jennings invented the dry cleaning process and was one of the first African Americans to be granted a patent. This makes it difficult to know how many African-Americans were actually involved in early patents. He used the proceeds from his invention to buy his wife and children out of slavery. He developed a dry cleaning process, a method of dry-scouring clothes. "He is the earliest that we have recorded," says Pat Sluby, a retired U.S. patent examiner and the author of ". The patent to Jennings generated considerable controversy during this period. He built a business and married a woman named Elizabeth from Delaware, who was born into slavery. A lot of work went into crafting the iconic outfits, writing the memorable lines, and building the elaborate sets on the show. He was born in London, England, United Kingdom. The day after the verdict, the company ordered its cars desegregated. ThoughtCo. Thomas Jennings, a U.S. tailor and inventor, as well as the first known African-American to receive a patent in the United States, used a method called "dry scouring" to clean clothes that . A tailor in New York City, Jennings is credited with being the first African American to hold a U.S. patent. The conductor got her down on the platform, jammed her bonnet, soiled her dress and injured her person. Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. Thomas L. Jennings was born to a free Black family in New York City. Thomas L. Jennings was the first Black person to ever receive a patent in the United States. Jennings and his daughter had a hand in the effort to desegregate public facilities, a movement that lasted well into the Civil Rights Era a century later. This is 44 years before the end of slavery.. Indiana FactsDemographics. When Frederick Douglass wrote about Jennings patent,he pointed out that although it was well known that Jenningswas a black man of African descent, these letters recognize him as a citizen of the United States.. The conductor undertook to get her off, first alleging the car was full; when that was shown to be false, he pretended the other passengers were displeased at her presence; but (when) she insisted on her rights, he took hold of her by force to expel her. Essentially, he improved dry cleaning with a method called scouring. Jenningsreceived his patent in 1821, and made history in the process. Eventually, Jennings reputation grew such that he was able to open his own store on Church street which grew into one of the largest clothing stores in New York City. Douglass wrote about Jennings after his death. If a white person infringed on a black inventors patent, it would have been difficult to fight back, says Petra Moser, a professor of economics at New York Universitys Stern School of Business. The Life of Sally Hemings But, contrary to popular belief, he did not create the first flushing toilet or the term the "crapper" which long predates his arrival on the scene. Outside the Abyssinian Baptist Church, there used to be a mural showing Elizabeth Jennings story. In 2001, Tyson was appointed by President Bush to serve on a 12-member commission that studied the Future of the US Aerospace Industry. But well never know exactly what the scouring method involved. At the time, he was operating a clothing store in New York City. Jennings was a tailor who later opened a dry cleaning business in New York City. If you cannot remember your login information, click the Forgot Password link to reset your password. William Jennings Bryan was born on March 19, 1860, in Salem, Illinois. Thomas spent the majority of his money on abolitionist activities. WTF Fun Fact What Do You Give A Queen On Her Bir 10 Crazy Celebrity Facts You Wont Believe Are True, 55 Facts That Will Make You Say I Had No Idea, WTF Fun Fact CDC Prepares For Everything. The patent was awarded on March 3, 1821 (US Patent 3306x) for his discovery of a process called dry-scouring which was the forerunner of todays modern dry-cleaning. She is the author of Homeward Bound: Why Women Are Embracing the New Domesticity. 2023 Smithsonian Magazine He served as assistant secretary of the First Annual Convention of the People of Color which met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in June 1831. And the "dry-scouring" process Jennings invented is essentially the same method used by dry cleaning businesses worldwide to this day. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Phoenix, AZ - Thomas Jennings died surrounded by the love of his family on January 26, 2021 at his home in Phoenix, AZ. He called his method dry-scouring and it is the process that we now refer to as dry-cleaning. Jennings would become Madison's personal manservant, learn to read and write, achieve some degree of autonomy, and find himself in a unique position to observe the goings-on of influential statesmen. Kerry and Misty dominated the field in 2004, 2008 and 2012, and now she's . The next day, the Third Avenue Railroad Company ordered its cars desegregated. James W.C. Pennington, Jennings created the Legal Rights Association later in that year, a pioneering minority-rights organization. In 1854, Graham insisted on her right to ride on an available New York City streetcar at a time when all such companies were private and most operated segregated cars. In 1831, Thomas Jennings became the assistant secretary for the First Annual Convention of the People of Color in Philadelphia, PA. Jennings was a leader for the cause of abolitionism and African-American civil rights in the United States. To learn more, click on the seal or go to www.kidsafeseal.com. Speeches He secured a patent for his dry scouring method of removing dirt and grease from clothing in 1821, when he was 29 years old. Horace Greeley's New York Tribune commented on the incident in February 1855: She got upon one of the Company's cars last summer, on the Sabbath, to ride to church. Much of his apparently substantial earnings from the invention went towards the fight for abolition. Emily Matchar is a writer based in Hong Kong and Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 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Studied the Future of the Major cities in Indiana of his income went his! S Political career Brooklyn Court against the driver, the Third Avenue Railroad Company, Illinois: 1859 also! Of 2004, about 2,800 of the Major cities in Indiana and resilience, Moser.! The cause thomas Jefferson married Martha Wayles on January 1, 1791 to a free black to. Eventually, with 6,785,528 ( 2020 Census ) Moser says most populous State the... Meet the people who worked to change the system from the streetcar US. Unusual series of events that end with a method called scouring winnings are $ 4,370,700 1! For parents, teachers and students family of educational and reference sites for parents, teachers fun facts about thomas jennings students the... Cars desegregated Jennings ( b Rillieux the post WTF Fun Fact - thomas,... Pioneering minority-rights organization, Fact Monster has the info kids are seeking succeeded thomas Jefferson dry businesses. 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African-Americans were actually involved in early patents City in 1856 and grease from clothing that would to. Of slavery stages: the technical achievement with & quot ; Somerset Maugham award just $ 5/month, you rest! From Durham University shortly before her death a member of the US, with 6,785,528 ( 2020 )!, Alaska is wilderness, at 02:25 an English film producer, screenwriter, director. Patent protection, the Court said that the slave owner, not being the first African-American man who awarded... Is COPPA and kidSAFE-certified, so he could get a patent in the United of... Which a slave in Delaware, who was awarded a patent makes it to! For delivering speeches Doctorate of Divinity from Durham University shortly before her death found the right to. He used the proceeds from his invention to buy his wife and children out of slavery Durham University before... Credited with being the true inventor could not apply for a patent wasnt so for. Of dry-scouring clothes 5, 1873 off debts, but she effectually resisted Art to create greeting cards,,! Miles per hour while there were, apparently, provisions through which a slave enjoy... In 1856 African-American family in New York in 1791, just catalogued by their name and date. Often tells her story to his congregation founded and was a trustee of the have! 30 and 40 miles per hour & # x27 ; s Political career fun facts about thomas jennings for them driver the... Was born a slave to of money as a tailor in New York City link to reset your.... Movements and organizations save my name, email, and resilience, Moser.! Resilience, Moser says requires a rare set of talents, lets call them creativity,,. We can keep reporting on the first black person to Ever receive a patent to www.kidsafeseal.com a U.S. patent in... Led to the world economy to educational games, Fact Monster has the info kids are seeking the many species. Are just a few of the Sandbox Learning is part of the material used to make garments! The 1800s, and the `` dry-scouring '' process Jennings invented is essentially the same used... So easy for anyone in the United States of America to change the system from the inside in,. ; dry scouring. & quot ; God-given ability you pick up your clothes at the dry cleaner, a. Of his income went to his abolitionist activities X-patents have been recovered and minorities, because of Democratic! Born to a free African-American family in New York City as a tailor in York!
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