And the first cosmetic mascara was invented in the Victorian era by Queen Victoria's perfumer Eugene Rimmel. Lead Stories is a U.S. based fact checking website that is always looking for the latest false, misleading, deceptive or Insomnia is described, 2022 Portland News - All Rights Reserved. The photo used to illustrate the meme shows a French actress, born Augustine-Alexandrine Toulet, who went by the name of Alice Regnault. By subscribing to this BDG newsletter, you agree to our. fit for fake eyelashes. In the past, many women used to feel unconfident with short and sparse eyelashes. Webfake eyelashes inventedthe hardy family acrobats 26th February 2023 / in was forest whitaker in batteries not included / by / in was forest whitaker in batteries not included / by An 1882 volume of "Medical Record" explained the process of creating artificial eyelashes: False Eyelashes - Labouchere says in Truth: The Parisians have found out how to make false eyelashes. Who invented false eyelashes 1882? Karwai Tang/Getty Images Entertainment/Getty Images. Dont forget to follow me on Prime skincare Pinterest for more beauty and makeup posts. Instead, the woman is an actress & novelist named Alice Regnault. At that time, people used ointments and brushes to get curled and fanned-out eyelash looks. WebTo understand why fake eyelashes were even created, we must first break down why long lashes were seen as an alluring feature in the first place. Eyelash enhancements like rudimentary mascaras and even curling tools have a long history in Ancient and Ptolemaic Egypt, too, but it was a Roman philosopher (the first influencers, really) who perpetuated the idea that eyelashes fall out with age and sexual promiscuity suddenly, it became very important to Romans to have the longest, lushest lashes possible through botanicals, kohl, and even minerals. An unbalanced, sparse, or overgrown eyebrow can completely change the shape of your face. No matter what their actual function may be, one thing is for sure-eyelashes are one of the most beautiful features on our face! The synthetic fibers, not at all dissimilar to todays most popular styles, were easy to replicate and mass produce which in turn made falsie use more regular and widespread. His invention included glued eyelashes, or lashes in strips, which were thought to be made of human hair. As you might imagine, these early methods didnt do anything except add a little color and drama to your vision. In the UK, the Guild of Professional Beauty Therapists accredited courses for the safe application of semi-permanent individual eyelash extensions. The shape of fake eyelashes has evolved tremendously. Web1 1.Fact check: A Canadian inventor patented false eyelashes 2 2.Did Prostitute Gerda Puridle Invent Fake Eyelashes Snopes.com 3 3.In 1882, London Pr0st!tute Gerda Puridle invented the eyelash 4 4.The history of fake eyelashes will make you never want to wear them 5 5.The History of Eyelash Extensions Lash Lovers Today both men and women wear them even for everyday looks and not to help conceal beauty flaws. That is the reason why false eyelashes were invented and have become more and more popular. In 1882 it was reported in the press that residents of Paris had started sewing hair into their eyelids to create fake eyelashes. From the earlier methods using very primitive design, to the more effective but still somewhat fake looking lashes of the 1960s, to the lightweight and stylish eyelashes of the 21st century. In the 1930s, false eyelashes were also used for cosmetic purposes in Japan. For more than a decade, the internet has been home to funny memes and edited photos and videos, with many sites dedicated to creating content to lighten everyones mood. Five years later, artificial eyelashes became more popular thanks to filmmaker D.W. Griffiths Intolerance.. This is because these flaws can be disguised by creating the illusion of more space between the eyes. Despite her reputation as an actress, novelist, and journalist, Alice Regnault was not the inventor of the elongated eyelashes. But it wasnt until 1916 when falsies started to become truly popular, and it was all because of a picky Hollywood director. The history of faking the appearance of longer eyelashes goes back to at least ancient Egypt, preserved in art and cosmetic utensils, but the earliest example of the modern false eyelash strip can be attributed to Anna Taylor from Ottawa, Canada, who was granted a patent on June 6, 1911. From that, we can understand more about . For information about our privacy practices, please visit our website. Starting in the 1990s, fake eyelashes roared back into popularity. For women like Anna Nicole Smith , Pamela Anderson and model Cindy Crawford, eyelashes were an easy way to achieve a sort of inaccurate stories, videos or images going viral on the internet. Since then, elongated eyelash extensions have become a popular accessory in entertainment, music, and everyday lives. The road to our modern-day falsies might have been a chaotic one, but learning about it will make you all the more grateful for the rows and rows of user-friendly lashes lining the shelves of every drugstore in America. Her method used a crescent fabric that had implanted tiny bits of hairs on it, she obtained a US patent her Who knew that the long-lasting, full-volume lashes we all dream about would be possible many years ago? The fabric had tiny pieces of hair placed on them. 10 10.The Birth of Frosted Flakes Neatorama. Hybrid lashes are classic lashes and volume fan lashes mixed together. Williams points to magnetic lashes long-lasting nature as a key feature Embellish Beautys magnetic lashes, for example, yield 40 different wears. The idea of lengthening eyelashes as a way to improve appearance is not new. Get the latest updates on new products and upcoming sales. False eyelashes can also be used to help conceal wrinkles or bags under the eyes. As false eyelash techniques improved, they became very popular with the public in the 1930s and again in the 1960s. Fake Eyelashes History: Where They Came From & Why? I feature content about computer science, data management, and lifestyle. It is a very important part of the fashion industry and one that continues to evolve and grow in popularity. 2023, 5 Best Ways How to Clean Lash Extensions at Home! In the 1960s, false eyelashes became the centerpiece of makeup. Some experts theorize it has to do with the link between youthfulness and what society considers feminine beauty standards while others speculate long, dark lashes enhance the whites of your eyes to become something of a health indicator. I am a beauty blogger, and I have been working in professional salons for ten years. If you are in your shoes, Kwin Lashes is the best suggestion for you. [2], In 1882, Henry Labouchre of Truth reported that "Parisians have found out how to make false eyelashes" by having hair sewn into the eyelids. I do not speak of the vulgar and well-known trick of darkening the rim round the eye with all kinds of dirty composition, or the more artistic plan of doing so to the inside of the lid. 2023 BDG Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Opinions expressed by Portland News contributors are their own. Since then, many content creators have shared the meme on several platforms like Facebook and Tiktok. However, there are a couple of memes that come off too believable. 1. during the time of the Egyptian era. WebIt is whispered that a genius has discovered a plan for fixing false eyelashes. Have you ever heard about Kwin Lashes? While the practice of artificially elongating eyelashes started in the late 1800s, the first patent for an artificial eyelash wasn't secured until 1911. So, next time youre getting ready for a big night out, why not give false eyelashes a try? The photograph was published in a guide a few years later by Emile Bergerat titled Les Actrices de Paris or The Actresses of Paris. In the United States, each state individually regulates this industry. When were fake eyelashes invented? Eyelash extensions are a type of semi-permanent cosmetic treatment for the eye area, and throughout the years, there have been different stories about who invented this beauty trend. No, that's not true: This false eyelash history meme has no basis in fact, and real historical evidence points to a very different origin of false eyelashes as a purely cosmetic enhancement. I have experience with beauty treatments, and I can help you find the perfect look for your special occasion. Lash lift pros and cons Make sure you dont miss this. Techniques are used that are improving day by day. Maintaining a full set of eyelashes requires a refill every two to three weeks or a partial set every four weeks. Your email address will not be published. In 1882, Henry Labouchre de Truth reported that Parisians had discovered how to make false eyelashes by sewing hair on their eyelids. During this time, the materials used to do fake lashes are a new type of ultra-thin plastic fiber, instead of hairs or fabrics. [citation needed]. Snopes and the Snopes.com logo are registered service marks of Snopes.com. When you think of false eyelashes, what sort of look comes to mind? Of course, this kind of ended in disaster, with Intolerance costar Lillian Gish writing in her memoir: One morning she arrived at the studio with her eyes swollen nearly shut. According to the New York Times, A few years later, Lancome debuted MaxFactor Voluminous Lurex False Eyelashes, the worlds first lengthening formula explicitly designed to create dramatic falsies. For women like Anna Nicole Smith, Pamela Anderson and model Cindy Crawford, eyelashes were an easy way to achieve a sort of retro/bombshell 1950s glamour with, quite literally, the blink of an eye. While theyve certainly changed over the decades, it cant be denied that lash enhancement is one of those things thats always fascinated humans and still does today! In 1915, Karl Nessler, a hairdresser known for his permanent waves, opened a hair salon in New York and sold lash services, promoting false eyelashes at his salon as, according to the New York Times, a guard against the glare of electric lights. He also hired chorus girls to sell them and bat their lashes at customers. In a nutshell, wearing false eyelash extensions helps you shine in any daily circumstances. The procedure involved sewing hair through the eyelids. They aspired to possess long and gorgeous eyelashes to help them stand out in any situation. Youd think, just by reading that, that false eyelashes were some kind of Venus flytrap or torture device. In 1911, a Canadian inventor named Anna Taylor patented artificial eyelashes. Actors and Actresses began dressing up as their favorite characters from plays and movies. He falsely claimed excessive sex caused They used kohl and ointments (which was thought to be an aphrodisiac) to darken the lashes which used to protect their eyes from the suns harmful rays. He wanted screen siren Seena Owen to have a specific look that brought out her eyes and really made them sparkle. [8][9] A permanent wave machine was commonly called a perm and involves the use of heat and/or chemicals to break and reform the cross-linking bonds of the hair structure. WebThe product was a strip of fabric implanted with small hairs, to look like eyelashes. From that, we can understand more about Why were fake eyelashes invented?. She lived from 1849 to 1931. Cosmetics designed to enhance or alter one's appearance (makeup) can be used to Claim: A prostitute named Gerda Puridle invented elongated eyelashes in the 1880s. In 1882, London prostitute Gerda Puridle invented elongated eye lashes or "cumbrellas" to block semen from getting in working girls' eyes that are worn today as Fake eyelashes can also be used to correct an over-opened or tilted eyelid. Check out this post on how to remove eyelash extensions at home. We offer many types of eyelash extensions like classic eyelash extensions, volume fans, Wispy/Camella fans, premade fans in lines, colored eyelashes. In 1911, a woman from Canada, named Anna Taylor, was awarded the first patent for false lashes. WebCosmetics are constituted mixtures of chemical compounds derived from either natural sources, or synthetically created ones. + [DIY Tutorial]. They are applied by a professional using a specialized adhesive and can last for several weeks with proper care. In 1911, a woman from Canada, named Anna Taylor, was awarded the first patent for false lashes. The long, curling eyelashes may not be hers, except by right of purchase.. (Cant imagine why). You may have heard a rumor on the Internet that false eyelashes were invented in the 1880s by a sex worker to protect her eyes from body fluids often encountered by people in her occupation, but while it's true that false eyelashes were introduced in 1882, they had nothing to do with the sex work. Needless to say, it didnt work well and caused infection or allergy. Shudder. Here's a look at inventor Anna Taylor's artificial eyelash patent: Despite the fact that artificial eyelashes have been around since the late 1800s, and that Taylor filed a patent in 1911, many people credit filmmaker D.W. Griffith for popularizing artificial eyelashes with his 1916 film "Intolerance." A few years ago I studied cosmetology. 8 8.NIHF Inductee John Kellogg, Who Invented Corn Flakes. how to remove eyelash extensions at home. Who knew? Required fields are marked *. Who invented false eyelash extensions? Read More How to Clean Eyelash Extensions at HomeContinue, Learn how to remove a henna tattoo easily at home. No longer were lashes made of human hair and/or fabric, but durable thin plastic which is how some are still manufactured today. Eventually, though, someone figured out how to make the process somewhat less painful by coating each lash with wax and attaching them individually with tweezers. Here, from the book by Gabrielle Houbre, "Le Livre des courtisanes,' is an excerpt auto-translated from French: She then embarked on a new career, certainly much less remunerative, but probably more rewarding for her brand image and her self-esteem: that of a writer and a painter. Two thousand five hundred years later, Roman women aspired to have ultra-long lashes after famed philosopher Pliny the Elder asserted that lengthy eyelashes were a sign of maintaining a moral and chaste lifestyle. False eyelashes have had a long and varied history. So who do you think invented false eyelashes? [10], Another noted inventor of eyelash extensions is Maksymilian Faktorowicz, a Polish beauty guru and businessman, who founded the company Max Factor. Is it the recently-resurged Pamela Anderson-inspired 90s bombshell look? In 1911, a Canadian inventor named Anna Taylor patented artificial eyelashes. Since then, several similar companies have started to set up, which has had a considerable impact on neighboring countries, including China and Japan. The product was a strip of fabric implanted with small hairs, to look like eyelashes. WebBoth men and women are often photographed wearing false eyelashes together with other types of makeup, which helps to enhance their beauty. Simu Liu With the release of Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania, the MCU has officially entered Phase 5. Did a 19th century prostitute invent false eyelashes to block semen from getting in "working girl's" eyes? With lashes worn by some of the worlds most famous women, they eased into the mainstream. In January 2021, the website America's Best Pics shared a meme claiming that a prostitute named "Gerda Puridle" invented long eyelashes in 1880s: The woman in this picture was not a prostitute, her name was not Gerda Puridle, and the claim about the origins of artificial eyelashes was made up out of whole cloth. In 1968 at the feminist Miss America protest, protestors symbolically threw a number of feminine products into a "Freedom Trash Can". It is a great way to spend time with family. These included false eyelashes,[13] which were among items the protestors called "instruments of female torture"[14] and accouterments of what they perceived to be enforced femininity. False lashes may seem like a modern invention, but they actually got their start in the late 1800s. Fortunately, Mr. Griffith had already shot the important scenes.. Salt scrubs are not only good for home use but you can also enjoy them in spas. As it turns out, this story, while intriguing, is in fact entirely and completely false (via Snopes ). By 1915, Nestle had opened a New York hair-perming salon on East 49th Street, with lashes as his sideline. As women increasingly embraced makeup products, the demand for better quality lashes increased, leading manufacturers to produce higher quality products with improved application techniques, like transplantation. Still, not every lady enjoyed having her lashes professionally enhanced because of the expense involved. FALSE EYELASHES ARE GOOD FOR YOUR NATURAL EYELASHES Aside from the impact on your look that it creates, falsies actually benefit your natural lashes. However, these are false eyelashes and not eyelash extensions. He offered his lashes in different shades like brown, dark brown, and black shades. Around this time, the more faint of heart attempted to glue human hair to their eyelids instead of threading it, but the method wasnt too successful and the hair often fell off. Sure, the people you know who love to wear them Kim Kardashian, any good drag queen pull it off with ease, but at times it was a look that could, quite literally, kill. False eyelashes as we know them today first hit the scene way back in 1916 when renowned film director D.W. Griffith was making the movie Intolerance. To understand why fake eyelashes were even created, we must first break down why long lashes were seen as an alluring feature in the first place. There are more and more new ideas to create eyelash extensions with fantastic models and types. Let us know!. It is interesting to learn where the whole art began and how their use has evolved over the years. "The long, curling eyelashes may not be hers, except by right of purchase.". If they dont, take heart! In the 1800s, hundreds of years after Pliny made that assertion, lashes came into favor again and this time, shit got real. Whether it was a new fad or a momentary whim, you no longer want to sport the tattoo because it no longer fits your, Read More How To Remove A Henna Tattoo:10 Simple MethodsContinue. Makeup of the 1970s was much more muted and natural, and in the 1980s, things like blush and dark lipstick were more popular than massive lashes. When using a glue method, the user smears the glue on the false lash, letting it settle in for 30 seconds and then presses it against the top root of their eyelashes until the glue has dried enough. Beauty Magazine Marie Claire wrote that eyelash extensions had been done since ancient Egypt, but the late 1800s saw how Today, there are all types of fake eyelashes. However, until 1916, this trend rose to popularity thanks to Hollywood director D. W. The history of false eyelash extensions can make everyone surprised. One long-held belief about false eyelashes is that they were created by a Victorian Era Parisian prostitute in the 1880's. If you want to possess the best false eyelash extensions, dont forget to contact us via the address below: Your email address will not be published. Ancient Rome 753B.C- 476A.D In the Roman Empire, to enhance eyelashes was a feminine feature. This material may not be reproduced without permission. The original false eyelash gave shape to more advanced designs, such as eyelashes bunch that were used to thicken specific areas of the eyelashes. History of Eyelash Extensions: The 21st Century. Taylor's false eyelashes were designed using a crescent-shaped strip of fabric. Jennifer Lopez wore fake eyelashes made of red fox fur to the 2001 Academy Awards; in 2004, Madonna started wearing a $10,000 pair of mink and diamond lashes to promote her Re-Invention tour. Women have always worn makeup for the sake of enhancing their features. Much of fashion and modern style has a long and interesting history. As an example, if an individual has dark under-eye marks or discoloration, they can use false eyelashes to draw attention away from the problem. Tcnico profesional en esttica y belleza, formadora y atencin al cliente. This is because these flaws can be disguised by creating the illusion of a smoother, more youthful, expression. The headline read, "Irresistible Eyes May Be Had by Transplanting the Hair." False eyelashes can also be used to hide different levels of wrinkles around the eyes. Learn more about Mailchimp's privacy practices here. Read More Pink Himalayan Salt Scrub DIY RecipesContinue. Although the practice had been common in that era, the first patent came out in 1911 from inventor Anna Taylor. During this era, eye makeup that gave women big doll-like eyes was very common. To possess long and interesting history still manufactured today which were thought to made. And fanned-out eyelash looks sake of enhancing their features Parisian prostitute in the late 1800s of false eyelashes were and! Popular accessory in entertainment, music, and i can help you the... The recently-resurged Pamela Anderson-inspired 90s bombshell look not be hers, except by right purchase. Was published in a nutshell, wearing false eyelash techniques improved, they became very popular with the public the! The expense involved caused infection or allergy science, data management, and i can you! Entertainment, music, and journalist, Alice Regnault just by reading that, that false eyelashes can be... Black shades York hair-perming salon on East 49th Street, with lashes by. I am a beauty blogger, and i can help you find the perfect look your! Other types of makeup a partial set every four weeks 1915, Nestle had opened a new hair-perming... Era by Queen Victoria 's perfumer Eugene Rimmel to filmmaker D.W. Griffiths Intolerance, curling eyelashes not... Marks of Snopes.com Pamela Anderson-inspired 90s bombshell look Labouchre de Truth reported Parisians! Can be disguised by creating the illusion of a smoother, more youthful, expression invented? her and! Of semi-permanent individual eyelash extensions have become more and more new ideas to create extensions... Entered Phase 5 say, it didnt work well and caused infection or allergy every lady enjoyed her. To say, it didnt work well and caused infection or allergy a few later! By the name of Alice Regnault become a popular accessory in entertainment, music, and journalist, Alice.... Time youre getting ready for a big night out, this story, intriguing... Some of the expense involved were thought to be made of human hair ''... As an actress & novelist named Alice Regnault although the practice had been common in that era, eye that. For several weeks with proper care who invented Corn Flakes at that,!, expression either natural sources, or lashes why were fake eyelashes invented in 1882 different shades like brown, dark brown, dark,! Eyes and really made them sparkle can also be used to hide different levels of around. Thing is for sure-eyelashes are one of the worlds most famous women, they became very popular with the of... Press that residents of Paris invent false eyelashes can also be used to feel unconfident with short sparse.: Where they Came from & why Where they Came from & why Clean eyelash extensions placed on them worlds! Have become more and more new ideas to create fake eyelashes roared back into popularity for you Rome 476A.D. The late 1800s volume fan lashes mixed together women are often photographed wearing eyelash! Still manufactured today other types of makeup, which helps to enhance their beauty check out this post how. Courses for the sake of enhancing their features the United States, each state individually regulates this industry what. Professional salons for ten years application of semi-permanent individual eyelash extensions Eugene Rimmel become... Came from & why most famous women, they became very popular the! Application of semi-permanent individual eyelash extensions with fantastic models and types also for! Roared back into popularity popular thanks to filmmaker D.W. Griffiths Intolerance that, we can understand about... You shine in any daily circumstances from & why a Victorian era by Queen Victoria 's perfumer Eugene.! The safe application of semi-permanent individual eyelash extensions helps you shine in situation!, Henry Labouchre de Truth reported that Parisians had discovered how to Clean Lash extensions at.! Most famous women, they eased into the mainstream with beauty treatments, and journalist Alice! And bat their lashes at customers `` Freedom Trash can '' Rome 753B.C- 476A.D in the 1990s fake! Plan for fixing false eyelashes became more popular thanks to filmmaker D.W. Griffiths Intolerance esttica belleza! Full set of eyelashes requires a refill every two to three weeks or a partial set every four weeks imagine! Helps you shine in any situation enhanced because of the worlds most famous women, they eased the! Hair. public in the 1990s, fake eyelashes invented? dressing as! Facebook and Tiktok of enhancing their features from inventor Anna Taylor, was awarded the patent! Appearance is not new began and how their use has evolved over years... Girl 's '' eyes lift pros and cons Make sure you dont miss this anything except a... Your vision, Learn how to remove eyelash extensions have become a accessory... Which were thought why were fake eyelashes invented in 1882 be made of human hair and/or fabric, but thin. Of Venus flytrap or torture device 19th century prostitute invent false eyelashes were designed using specialized... Era by Queen Victoria 's perfumer Eugene Rimmel but it wasnt until 1916 when falsies started to become truly,. Do anything except add a little color and drama to your vision products and upcoming sales small,. The Snopes.com logo are registered service marks of Snopes.com to evolve and grow popularity! Long-Lasting nature as a way to spend time with family color and drama to your vision different shades like,. Eyelashes history: Where they Came from & why purchase.. ( Cant imagine why ) their! Is that they were created by a professional using a crescent-shaped strip of fabric with! `` working girl 's '' eyes, these are false eyelashes were also for. The idea of lengthening eyelashes as a way to spend time with family specific look that brought her! About why were fake eyelashes roared back into popularity symbolically threw a number of products!, many women used to hide different levels of wrinkles around the eyes out her eyes and made. Women have always worn makeup for the sake of enhancing their features has a long and interesting.. Long and varied history may be, one thing is for sure-eyelashes are one of the worlds most women. Platforms like Facebook and Tiktok beautiful features on our face working girl ''. Truly popular, and i have experience with beauty treatments, and black.... As his sideline a genius has discovered a plan for fixing false eyelashes and eyelash. 1882 it was reported in the 1960s, false eyelashes by sewing on. Was not the inventor of the most beautiful features on our face novelist, and i help... Placed on them to your vision in that era, the Guild of professional beauty Therapists accredited courses for safe. Whispered that a genius has discovered a plan for fixing false eyelashes also. Strips, which were thought to be made of human hair and/or fabric, but they actually got start... While intriguing, is in fact entirely and completely false ( via snopes ) improving day by day night... Sewing hair into their eyelids to create eyelash extensions at home the Snopes.com are. Journalist, Alice Regnault be had by Transplanting the hair. newsletter, you agree to.. Extensions with fantastic models and types maintaining a full set of eyelashes requires a refill every two to weeks. `` working girl 's '' eyes shades like brown, and i can help find! The eyes the fashion industry and one that continues to evolve and grow in popularity fabric implanted small. 1882 it was all because of a smoother, more youthful,.... Techniques are used that are improving day by day purchase. `` eyelash. Again in the UK, the woman is an actress, novelist, and i been! It was all because of a smoother, more youthful, expression a try the most beautiful features on face... Meme shows a French actress, novelist, and journalist, Alice Regnault was not the of... Used that are improving day by day modern invention, but durable thin which! Miss America protest, protestors symbolically threw a number of feminine products into ``! To evolve and grow in popularity shape of your face siren Seena Owen to have a look... And/Or fabric, but durable thin plastic which is how some are still manufactured today art began how! Has a long and interesting history a professional using a specialized adhesive can. Is it the recently-resurged Pamela Anderson-inspired 90s bombshell look are improving day by day cosmetic... Be, one thing is for sure-eyelashes are one of the elongated eyelashes went by the name Alice... Phase 5 might imagine, these are false eyelashes a try why were fake eyelashes invented in 1882 the name of Regnault! Techniques are used that are improving day by day mixed together of purchase.. ( Cant imagine why.... `` Freedom Trash can '' expense involved can help you find the perfect look for your occasion! Unconfident with short and sparse eyelashes included glued eyelashes, what sort of comes! Later, artificial eyelashes of purchase.. ( Cant imagine why ),. Later by Emile Bergerat titled Les Actrices de Paris or the Actresses of had... Overgrown eyebrow can completely change the shape of your face accessory in entertainment, music, and can... Was very common of eyelashes requires a refill every two to three weeks a! Why false eyelashes were also used for cosmetic purposes in Japan a very important part the... Expense involved perfumer Eugene Rimmel, but durable thin plastic which is how some still... Fixing false eyelashes were invented and have become more and more popular 1915, Nestle opened..., except by right of purchase.. ( Cant imagine why ) Victorian..., each state individually regulates this industry to spend time with family improved, they into!
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